利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

江苏中部海岸互花米草盐沼底栖动物的组成特征

在江苏海岸,人工引种的互花米草正在成为盐沼植被的优势物种.为了了解互花米草引种对环境与生态的影响,调查了互花米草盐沼底栖动物的组成特征.在王港地区互花米草滩由西向东设置的4个站位上,进行了夏初和秋末两个时期的野外调查,采集了40个样方内可见的全部动物样本,记录了环境特征.在实验室鉴定了样本的种属,测量了动物介壳的长度.对所获数据的统计分析结果显示,本区互花米草盐沼中有7种大型底栖动物,夏初和秋末生物种类相同,但秋末生物量明显高于夏初.在代表性种属中,珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea cingulata)的壳长从初夏到秋末有明显增大,而秋末粗糙滨螺(Littorna scabra)和赤豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana)比初夏小且少.在互花米草盐沼的不同部位,腹足类物种分布有显著差异.现场观察数据显示,一些当地盐沼动物已经适应于在人工引种的互花米草盐沼中生存.     

Numerical simulation of the sensitivity of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell to global warming

Sensitivity of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell to global warming is examined by using a global ocean-atmosphere coupled model developed at LASG/IAP. Results indicate that associated with the increasing of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the most prominent signals of global warming locate at high latitudes, and the change of middle and low latitudes, in particular the surface wind, is relatively weak, which leads to a weak response of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell. At the time of atmospheric carbon dioxide doubling, the change of the meridional cell strength is smaller than the amplitude of natural variability.     

云南降水场与太平洋海温场典型相关分析

 利用典型相关理论分析云南省5月份降水场与头年5月至当年4月各月太平洋热带海温距平场之间的关系,得出一些有意义的结果.并通过1994～1995年的预报,效果较理想.     

Modeling studies on the changes of the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific during the last 100 years

Intensity index series of Subtropical High over the Western Pacific was constructed according to modeling results by using of CCM3.6 atmospheric model with climatologically SST forcing for 30 years, and with observed SST forcing from 1900 to 2000. The index series constructed by modeling closely correlated to the observations for 1951-1999 (c.c. 0.72) and to the statistically reconstructed one for 1900-1950 (c.c. 0.51). The index series for 1900-1999 showed significant 80 a and 40 a periodicity. A minimum of persistence in seasonal variations of the index occurred in Autumn, which was called "Autumn Barrier". It may relate to the "Spring Barrier", found in the seasonal variations of SST over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. The increasing trend shown in the index series for the 20th century may associate with the global warming caused by enhancement of greenhouse effect.     

^226Ra evidence for the ecosystem shift over the past 40 years in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Surface seawater was collected for ~(226)Ra measurement in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre from July to October, 1999 and October to December, 2003. Combined with the historical data reported for this sea area, a declined trend of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations was observed since 1960s, indicating the ecosystem shift in response to global warming. On one side, the enhanced stratification of the upper water column resulting from global warming reduced the ~(226)Ra input from the depth, on the other, the temporal increase of biological production resulting from the climate-related ecosystem structure change strengthened the ~(226)Ra removal from the surface ocean. Both the physical and biological processes resulted in the decrease of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The temporal trend of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations was consistent with the trends of chlorophyll a, silicate, phosphate and primary production previously reported. This study provided ~(226)Ra evidence for the ecosystem shift under global change.     

闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化的数值研究

采用三维斜压非线性数值模式ECOMSED,同时考虑地形、边界流(台湾暖流、黑潮和长江冲淡水)、热通量及QuikSCAT风场等动力因子,对闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化进行了数值研究.结果表明,闽浙沿岸一年四季均有上升流存在,且上升流中心及上升流强度有明显的季节变化特征.其中,浙江沿岸舟山群岛和渔山列岛附近、福建沿岸海坛岛和马祖列岛附近四季均存在较强的上升流中心,上升流强度季节变化特征是"冬弱夏强".冬季上升流强度为10-3cm/s量级,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.3×10-3cm/s;夏季最大上升流速可达0.8×10-2cm/s,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.4×10-2cm/s.     

Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

太平洋内区经向热输送的季节变化分析

为刻画整个太平洋内区经向热输送的基本特征及其季节变化,并初步探讨变化的原因,基于Argo温盐资料,利用P矢量法反演了太平洋的绝对地转流(AGC),并结合Ekman流,分析了年平均和季节平均的经向热输送。结果显示,在13°S~13°N,经向热输送主要由Ekman经向热输送控制,季节变化显著,且南北半球变化相反,北半球1-3月有北向输送最大值,8-10月当经向热输送转为南向时,Ekman经向热输送达到最小;南北太平洋经向热输送的季节变化存在显著的不对称特征,北太平洋的明显强于南太平洋,低纬度海域的明显大于高纬度海域。分析表明,经向热输送的季节变化与纬向风应力的变化直接相关,由于未能有效包含西边界流及赤道区域,对比前人的研究结果后推测,西边界流和赤道流在维持南北太平洋经向热输送的平衡中扮演了重要角色。