Simulation of meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific. Several important water gateways exist around the SCS, such as Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, etc., that lie in the northeastern SCS, and others like Kalimantan Strait, Balawan Strait, etc., lie in the south. Luzon Strait connects the SCS and Pacific via the Philippine Sea, and its water exchange has significant impact on the interior circulations of the SCS[1]. Since direct observation data about the …     

黄骅港外航道大风骤淤的机理及其整治

黄骅港位于渤海湾西南，是建在淤泥质海岸上的人工港，在特殊大风期间，即E向或ENE向6级以上的海向风廷时14小时以上时，外航道的淤积量大大超过原先的预测值，且淤积物为密实、坚硬、难以疏浚的粉沙。本研究表明，这一问题产生的原因是堤头旋涡的输沙作用，卫星图像和数模证明了堤头旋涡的存在；同时还对设置垂直和平行于海岸线防波堤的两种整治方案作了讨论。     

Deep-living demersal fishes in the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean) below a depth of 1000 m

An extensive survey of the deep-living fishes of the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean) recorded 31 species in 19 families and 29 genera from 100 samples at depths between 960 and 2251 m. Chlorophthalmidae, Moridae and Macrouridae accounted for nearly 85% of all specimens taken. In biomass terms, Hexanchidae, Moridae, Alepocephalidae and Chlorophthalmidae were the most important families. A quantitative model of the bathymetric distribution of the species is presented. The ‘centre of gravity’ of species’ distribution and the habitat width, a measure of the distribution heterogeneity, are also given. Out of the 31 demersal species caught, the distributions of only 13 are centered below 1000 m. The Mediterranean deep-sea ichthyofauna is very impoverished in comparison with the adjacent Atlantic Basin fauna.     

The morphology of Anophrys arenicola sp. nov. (Ciliophora,Scuticociliatida)

The morphological characteristics of a new species of cilitated protozoan, Anophrys arenicola, are described. The structure of the infraciliature (arrangement, composition, number of kinetosomes and the oral and somatic fibril systems) are described in detail. In addition, a quantitative study of the variation of the principal morphological components has been made through the use of a new modification of the silver carbonate method.     

Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: families Enenteridae,Opistholebetidae and Pleorchiidae (Digenea)

The following digeneans are described, recorded or figured from South African waters: Enenterum kyphosi and E. mannarense from Kyphosus vaigiensis; E. elsti, E. prudhoei, E. stinkvis sp. nov. and E. tongaatensis sp. nov. from Neoscorpis lithophilus; Pseudozakia hatampo from Pempheris oualensis; Opistholebes cotylophorus from Amblyrhynchotes honckenii; and Pleorchis sciaenae from Argyrosomus hololepidotus. The other taxa discussed are: family Enenteridae; genus Enenterum (including a key); and genus Opistholebes (syn: Pseudoheterolebes).     

A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Adriatic Sea

Didogobius schlieweni sp. nov. is described from a single specimen collected among pebbles in shallow water at Unije island, near Cres, in the northern Adriatic Sea. The holotype has vivid dark and pale patterning, and is assigned to Didogobius on the basis of head neuromast patterns and meristic features. Diagnostic values of the latter are D2 I/12, A I/11, P 17, and LL 55–56. A key to species of the Chromogobius and Didogobius complex is provided.     

A new genus and two new species of cirolanid isopod Crustacea from the northern Indian Ocean

A new genus of cirolanid isopod Atarbolana, and two new species, Atarbolana exoconta and Cirolana manorae, are described. Atarbolana is distinguished from related cirolanid genera by having a projecting clypeus, pleon with three free tergites, and cylindrical uropod exopod.

Cirolana manorae is most similar to Cirolana bovina Barnard, and new figures are given for that species.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

南海北部浮游植物的时空异质性研究

 为研究南海北部浮游植物时空变化规律及其与海洋环境响应关系,采用1997-2002年开展的“南海专属经济区和大陆架渔业资源及其栖息环境调查”所取得的浮游植物调查数据,利用GIS空间局部插值法构建景观分析模型,对南海北部浮游植物时空异质性进行了分析。结果表明,南海北部海区浮游植物密度变化范围为0.03(4 179×10⁴ 个/m³,总平均为87.2×10⁴ 个/m³,夏冬春秋四季浮游植物平均密度由高至低。南海北部浮游植物总体近海高于远海,且在近海海域呈斑块状分布格局,斑块一般出现在北部湾中北部上升流区、粤东遮浪上升流区、台湾浅滩上升流区和粤西沿岸电白-阳江上升流区等南海北部几个重要上升流区内。浮游植物密度最高值斑块一般随着季风和沿岸流的季节转换而交替向东或向西方向进行有规律的漂移。