石河子地区蝗虫种类调查及区系分析

以网捕法并结合历史资料确定新疆石河子地区蝗虫种类,以调查和分布资料确定各种类的区系成分,研究结果表明,该地区有蝗虫5科20属32种和亚种。区系组成含中亚细亚、中央亚细亚、欧洲—西伯利亚、地中海、特有种、泛古北种和广布种等多种成分,其中以中亚细亚种类最多,达10种,约占总种数的31.25%;以古北种占绝对多数,占93.75%;只分布在蒙新区的有22种,占68.75%,区系特征以荒漠种类居多。     

青藏高原对非洲北部降水影响的模拟研究

利用耦合模式CESM1.0, 研究青藏高原地形对非洲北部降水的影响。敏感性试验结果表明, 去掉青藏高原地形后, 首先, 大气环流迅速做出调整, 出现自热带大西洋向东北方向至北非的水汽输送异常和自印度洋向西至北非的水汽输送异常, 造成北非大气水汽含量增加和水汽辐合增强, 降水增多。然后, 当海洋环流调整到准平衡态时, 北大西洋海表温度降低, 南大西洋海表温度升高, 地表大气温度也发生相应的变化。在南北温度梯度的影响下, 原本由热带大西洋向北非的水汽输送发生转向, 导致北非的水汽含量减少和水汽辐合减弱, 使得降水比前一阶段减少。即便如此, 在没有青藏高原的试验中, 当海洋环流调整到平衡态时, 北非大部分区域水汽辐合仍然强于有青藏高原的真实地形试验, 区域平均降水也增多。结果表明, 青藏高原的隆升可能在一定程度上加剧了北非的干旱化。     

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanoplus sanguinipes</Emphasis>, to plant odours and volatile compounds

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ryegrass.However, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.     

内蒙蝗虫一新属四新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文报导在内蒙发现的蝗总科昆虫1新属4新种:剑角蝗科Acrididae的拟埃蝗属Pseudoeocyllina gen.n.,长角拟埃蝗P.longicorna sp.n.,浅金色蝗Chry-sacris flavida sp.n.,槌角蝗科Comphoceridae的宽隔蛛蝗Aeropedallas ampliseptussp.n.;网翅蝗科Arcypteridae的黄褐异爪蝗Euchorthippus ravus sp.n..     

基于大数据技术的非洲猪瘟传染病预测研究

对我国发生非洲猪瘟期间（2018年5月—2019年9月）的百度指数与该种疾病爆发的关联性进行研究，采用以省份为区域分组的二元Logistic回归模型，通过对17个地区数据的拟合，分别提前3周、提前2周、提前1周及当周预测了非洲猪瘟早期爆发的区域.研究结果表明：预测的准确率均高于91.2%，可作为对传统监测系统的有力补充.