响应面法优化微波辅助提取桑叶多糖的工艺研究

利用微波辅助技术进行桑叶多糖提取,通过单因素实验确定因素与水平,应用Box-Behnken设计3因素3水平的试验,依据回归分析确定最优的提取工艺条件.结果表明,微波辅助提取桑叶多糖的优化提取工艺条件为:温度88℃、时间11 min和液固比18∶1,提取的多糖含量为15.20 mg/g.微波辅助提取的多糖含量分别比传统水提法提取10 min和60 min高2.18倍和0.23倍.     

光周期对白芥下胚轴和子叶形态发生的影响

以 15h/d的长光照和 10h/d的短光照预处理 7d的白芥幼苗下胚轴和子叶切段为材料 ,诱导愈伤组织和器官再生 .结果表明 ,外植体的切口处均有愈伤组织形成 ,但生理学下端切口处出愈率高于上端 .下胚轴生理下端有根的分化 ,芽仅出现在下胚轴的生理上端。子叶外植体中只有根的分化 ,长光照预处理与短光照相比 ,愈伤组织形成较早 ,生长较快 ,对外植体生理下端的诱导作用较明显 .长光照对器官发生的影响因外植体部位而异     

Composition and habitat use of small mammals in old-growth mountain forests

Old-growth mountain forests in the Pyrenees have natural gap dynamics, a well-developed shrub layer and a large amount of dead wood. Small mammal communities in two types of old-growth forests, silver fir and mountain pine, were studied in July and September in 2006 and 2007. Four species were trapped: bank vole (Myodes glareolus), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) and common shrew (Sorex araneus). Bank voles and wood mice were most commonly trapped (78% of all captures). There were no differences in community composition in the two forest types, although the bank vole was more often captured in the silver fir than in the mountain pine forest. Mammals were more frequently captured at trap stations with high shrub cover, high tree regeneration cover and low herbaceous cover. Our results show that forest structure and, to a lesser extent, forest type determine small mammal community structure, and specifically fine-scale occurrence patterns, in these old-growth forests.     

山西省鼠尾草属一新纪录变型

在山西省晋城市泽州县晋庙铺镇进行植被调查时发现了唇形科(Labiatae)鼠尾草属(SalviaL.)白花丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.albaC.Y.Wu et H.W.Li).白花丹参是鼠尾草属植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhizaBge.)的变型,分布于山东等地,此前在山西无记录.白花丹参的发现使山西鼠尾草属的记录变为6种1变型.     

Analysis of F_1 hybrid and BC_1 monosomic alien addition line plants from Brassica oleracea × Sinapis alba by GISH

Sterile and semi-fertile F_1 plants were obtained by intergeneric sexual hybridization between paternal Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (genome CC, 2n=18) and maternal Sinapis alba (genome SS, 2n=24), BC_1 plants were obtained by backcrossing between paternal B. oleracea and ma-ternal semi-fertile F_1 plants. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) combined with dual-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (dcFISH) showed that sterile F_1 plants contained 21 chromosomes consist-ing of one B. oleracea chromosome set and one S. alba chromosome set, belonging to expected hybrids, and semi-fertile F_1 plants contained 30 chromosomes consisting of two B. oleracea chromosome sets and one S. alba chromosome set. It is obvious that the semi-fertile F_1 plants belong to unexpected hybrids. 1―3 trivalents were detected at meiotic metaphase I of semi-fertile F_1 pollen mother cells (PMCs). Different separation ratios of S chromosomes were detected at anaphase I. A monosomic alien addition line (MAAL) was identified by GISH-dcFISH from BC_1 plants; it contained 19 chromosomes consisting of 18 C chromosomes and 1 S chromosome. At meiotic metaphase I, 9 divalents from B. oleracea and one univalent from S. alba could be detected. Sometimes, one putative C-S trivalent could also be detected. The achievement of B. oleracea-S. alba monosomic alien addition lines lays a foundation for gene introgression, location and cloning.     

镉胁迫下的桑树幼苗叶片丙二醛含量动态分析

采用水培试验方法,分别研究了不同浓度重金属镉胁迫背景下,添加或不添加EDTA处理的桑苗叶片丙二醛含量45 d的动态变化。实验结果表明：（1）桑苗叶片的丙二醛含量与镉浓度有关,在21 d～27 d内,丙二醛含量呈波动上升趋势,之后呈波动下降趋势;（2）与不添加EDTA的对照组比较,加入EDTA处理的桑苗叶片丙二醛含量波动比较平缓,随镉胁迫时间的增加,其叶片中的丙二醛含量缓慢增加;（3）低浓度的镉离子对桑苗生长有一定的促进作用,但浓度较高时会对其造成一定的伤害,使其生长受到抑制,叶片变黄,萎蔫,甚至死亡;（4）EDTA能适当缓解镉离子对桑苗的伤害。     

丹参和白花丹参对黄芩化感效应的比较研究

采用室内生物测定法研究不同浓度（0、0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0 g/L）的1年生、2年生丹参和白花丹参根及根茎水浸液对黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明, 丹参和白花丹参根及根茎水浸液对黄芩种子萌发率、发芽指数和活力指数表现出相似的影响趋势,即低浓度时促进种子萌发,随浓度增加化感抑制作用增强,浓度为5 g/L时抑制作用强烈。白花丹参根及根茎水浸液对黄芩种子萌发率的化感指数绝对值小于丹参。丹参和白花丹参根及根茎水浸液对黄芩幼苗苗高和根长表现出相似的影响趋势,高浓度时对幼苗鲜重的抑制作用较为强烈。白花丹参根及根茎水浸液对黄芩幼苗苗高和鲜重的化感指数绝对值小于丹参。丹参和白花丹参对黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长均表现出低促高抑的双重效应,且白花丹参对黄芩的化感潜力小于丹参。该研究比较了丹参和白花丹参对黄芩的化感效应,可为优化复合种植模式提供科学依据。     

二甲双胍与白花丹参联合治疗2型糖尿病的研究

为了探究二甲双胍与白花丹参浸出液联用对2型糖尿病的治疗作用,本文采用MTT法检测联合用药对INS-1细胞凋亡的抑制作用,并采用糖尿病大鼠模型研究联合用药对血糖和胰岛素释放的影响.结果表明,二甲双胍与白花丹参联用具有抗INS-1细胞凋亡的作用.在糖尿病大鼠治疗过程中,检测血糖和胰岛素含量可知二甲双胍与白花丹参联用能有效控制血糖,效果比单独使用二甲双胍明显.HE染色也显示联合用药能抑制胰岛细胞凋亡,且比二甲双胍或白花丹参单独使用的效果好.免疫组化染色中,与糖尿病对照组和二甲双胍组相比,联合用药组的Bcl-2蛋白量增加,Bax蛋白量减少.二甲双胍与白花丹参联用具有抑制胰岛B细胞凋亡,增加胰岛素释放的作用,同时促进血糖摄取和利用,能起到很好的降血糖作用.白花丹参作为治疗糖尿病的辅助药物能有效提高二甲双胍的治疗效率.     

克拉玛依地区银密杨生长规律研究

研究修枝措施下9 a生银密杨的生长状况,为克拉玛依地区培育干形圆满的优质木材提供理论支持.在同一修枝强度(即弱度修枝)下,选取3株杨树优势木,按照树干解析的步骤,截取圆盘获得各个龄阶的树高、胸径、材积等数据.在整个生长季,杨树的胸径、树高和材积的总生长量始终保持较快的增长;它的平均生长量较平缓,但连年生长量较迅速.杨树材积生长量未出现峰值,平均生长量和连年生长量没有相交,还未达到数量成熟龄.银密杨的干形稳定,说明当地环境适合其生长.     

岷江流域冷杉树干液流的动态变化规律

应用热扩散原理,采用ICT-2000TE自动测定系统,对岷江流域冷杉的树干液流及其主要环境因子进行了同步测定,分析了冷杉的树干液流动态变化规律。结果表明:冷杉的树干液流变化呈现明显的单峰曲线,液流速率的峰值一般出现在中午12或13时;影响冷杉树干液流大小的主要环境因子包括光合有效辐射、空气温度和空气相对湿度,但相关密切的是光合有效辐射。