鸟瞰我国十年来冲击地压灾害的研究

本文地综述了十年来,我国煤矿冲击地压显现的基本情况及其主要研究成果,并提出对冲击地压问题今后值得重视的几点看法。     

市场环境下分区备用的费用分摊研究

将区域电力市场向各地区分摊备用费用的思路概括为两类：分摊给用户和分摊给发电厂商．在将费用分摊到用户侧的方法中，介绍了常用的Pro-rata方法，并将合作博弈中的Shapley方法推广到可直接分摊备用费用，进一步提出基于预调度方案来分摊费用的新方法．在将费用分摊到发电厂商的方法中，分析了按风险度分摊方法的特点，在此基础上提出按照电量不足期望值分摊的新思路．最后通过一个3地区的算例，将以上5种分摊方法的结果进行分析和比较．结果显示：在分摊到用户的各类方法中，分摊结果差异较大，需要根据市场需要选用；在分摊到发电厂商的方法中，分摊结果相差不大，推荐采用简单的Pro-rata方法．     

黏弹性稠油的松弛特性对其注水开发的影响

胶质-沥青质含量高的黏弹性稠油存在松弛特性,它对黏弹性稠油在多孔介质中的渗流及驱替过程有较大的影响.在建立水驱黏弹性稠油的一维两相驱替数学模型基础上,利用有限差分方法进行了求解.计算结果表明:松弛特性可以提高含水饱和度,降低驱替压力梯度,从而改善水驱黏弹性稠油的开发效果.在实际的稠油开采中,应充分考虑和利用稠油的松弛特性.     

考虑应力敏感性的低渗透油藏注水井试井分析

低渗透油藏由于渗透率低及存在启动压力梯度,油在地层中传播压力速度很慢,难以获得足够资料对储层做出合理的解释,油井试井效果不佳,而低渗透油藏注水井试井可以很好地解决这个难题。综合考虑启动压力梯度、应力敏感性、流度比等的影响,建立了低渗透油藏注水井低速非达西渗流有效井径试井的数学模型。鉴于该模型的强非线性,采用稳定的有限差分格式利用Newton-Raphson迭代法求得数值解,进一步研究了压力动态特征及影响因素,绘制了用于实际资料拟合分析的典型试井曲线。     

Interannual and interdecadal variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation spatial shift

The spatial shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is analyzed by using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2 dataset and identifying NAO action centers directly on winter mean sealevel pressure (SLP) anomaly maps. The spatial shift of the NAO is characterized by four NAO spatial shift indices: the zonal and meridional shifts of the NAO southern and northern action centers. It is found that the zonal and meridional shift trends of the NAO action centers move along a path of southwest-northwest direction. Spectral analysis shows that the four NAO spatial shift indices have periodicity of 2-6 years and the NAO index has periodicity of 2-3 years in terms of high-frequency variations. On a decadal time scale, the NAO spatial shift indices are closely (positively) related to the NAO index, which is in agreement with previous studies of the relationship between the NAO index and the spatial shift of the NAO pattern. However, there is no relationship between the NAO index and the meridional shift of the northern action center on an interannual time scale. The significant relationship between the NAO index and the interannual variability of NAO spatial shift indices is very likely to be associated with synopticscale Rossby wave breaking, which generates surface pressure anomalies and thus affects the phase and pattern of the NAO. The correlations of winter westerly winds over 90°W-0° and the NAO index and the NAO spatial shift indices have a ’+ - + -’ structure from the Equator to the North Pole. Although there is close correlation between the NAO spatial shift indices and the strength of the zonal winds in the North Atlantic region, the effect of the zonal winds on the NAO spatial shift differs at different latitudes. Hence, the role of the zonal winds is probably a result of the NAO spatial shifts.     

分区破裂化现象的研究进展

通过对分区破裂化现象的发现过程进行回顾、对分区破裂化现象的研究现状进行综述,对深部巷道围岩的受力变形的特点有了更好的认识,并利用弹塑性理论、断裂力学理论、非线性科学理论等对分区破裂化现象形成的机理进行了探索,得到了一些有益的结论.在现场观测到了分区破裂化现象,从试验上再现了分区破裂化现象的一些主要特点,在数值模拟方面能...     

The northern annular mode: More zonal symmetric than the southern annular mode

Fan （2007） recently documented the zonal asymmetry of the Antarctic oscillation （AAO） in the austral winter. In this research, the zonal asymmetry of the northern annular mode, or the Arctic oscillation （AO）, in the interannual variability is studied for the boreal winter. It is shown that there is zonal asymmetry of the AO as well, similar to the case of the Antarctic oscillation （AAO）. However, the zonal asymmetry of the AO is considerably weaker than that of the AAO. This is far beyond the speculation, since the zonal asymmetry of the geography is larger in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere. The Western and Eastern Hemispheres portions of the AO are correlated at 0.54 for 1959-1998, comparing with 0.23 for the case of the AAO. The authors also discussed the physical reason for this inter-hemispheric difference, and partly attributed it to the El Ni~o and Southern Oscillation （ENSO） cycle which may be represented by the SO index. It is indicated that the SO associated sea-level pressure （SLP） patterns are more zonal symmetric in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere.     

三元复合深度调驱技术在双河油田的应用

在油田开发过程中,调驱技术是改善油田开发效果,提高油田采收率的手段之一。三元复合深度调驱技术对合理有效治理次生大孔道和改善油藏开发具有重要的意义。     

中国裸子植物的东西地带性分布及其与气候因子的相关性*

中国裸子植物极富多样性,起源古老,孑遗、特有类群众多,对探讨区域生物多样性的结构、特征具有重要意义。论文以中国中部东西中轴线上的台湾山地、武夷山、井冈山、武陵源、峨眉山、哀牢山、南迦巴瓦峰等山地的裸子植物区系为对象,分析其地理成分组成,探讨与生态因子的相关性,主要结果表明：①中国西部并不是裸子植物最丰富的区域,大陆东部第三级阶梯的属种更富多样性;②属的地理成分,与主要的区域生态因子如海拔、降水量、热量等具有相关性;③中国特有属在东部第三级阶梯明显较多,而在西部高山种系分化明显;④台湾山地较为丰富和独特;南迦巴瓦峰的冷杉属等较其他几个地区更丰富。研究对揭示裸子植物的分布规律具有重要意义。     

卫星双通道反演的赤道纬向环流的气候特征

利用1979－1995年共17年卫星观测的OLR,HIRS－Tb12与NCEP再分析的同期资料进行了分析研究,主要包括以下两部分：用OLR,FWV（Flux Water Vapour,是由HIRS－Tb12通过波耳兹曼公式换算得到的6．7um水汽辐射通量密度,以便于与OLR比较）与NCEP再分析的500hPa ω的年气侯平均图进行比较,分析其异同,进一步证明了用卫星观测的红外,水汽双通道（OLR表示上升运动,FWV表示下沉运动）去反演纬向垂直环流是一个极好的途径。定义了卫星双能道反演的纬向垂直环流指数,利用该定义对卫星资料计算并反演了气候平均的全年及四季的纬向垂直环流,详细地讨论了它的气候学特征,并修正了过去的各种观测结果。