Calculation of Phase Transformation Kinetics from Dilatation Curves

The structure of a steel changes with temperature due to phase transformations. This phase change is generally companied by a variation in the specific volume which is exhibited as a departure from the behaviour of the thermal expansion or contraction, at the temperature at which the change occurs. This behaviour can be detected as a change in the dimensions of a suitable test piece, and forms the operating principle of dilatometry. The dilatometric technique may be applicable to the investigation of the p...     

Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels

The tempering stability of three Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels (DM, H21, and H13) was investigated through hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Both dilatometer tests and TEM observations revealed that DM steel has a higher tempering stability than H21 and H13 steels because of its substantial amount of M₂C (M represents metallic element) carbide precipitations. The activation energies of the M₂C carbide precipitation processes in DM, H21, and H13 steels are 236.4, 212.0, and 228.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that vanadium atoms both increase the activation energy and affect the evolution of M₂C carbides, resulting in gradual dissolution rather than over-aging during tempering.     

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (0.2C-2.0Si-1.8Mn) were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a traditional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferrite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRIP-aided steel with martensite as the original microstructure, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, resulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening behavior is also discussed for both types of steel.     

奥氏体化状态和钒对珠光体型钢轨钢韧性的影响

以重轨钢ＰＤ２和ＰＤ３为对象，重点研究了热轧态和重新热处理状态珠光体的韧性。研究结果表明，奥氏体状态（晶粒大小、成分均匀化及碳化物溶入或析出程度等）及珠光体的形态和片层间距是影响珠光体冲击韧性的主要组织因素。奥氏体晶粒的细化、珠光体片层的细化、奥氏体成分的均匀化及强碳化物形成元素在奥氏体状态的固溶化是珠光体钢韧化的基本途径。     

用超塑性预处理原理细化低碳钢晶粒的研究

利用超塑性预处理细化晶粒原理 ,在低碳钢中加入不同体积分数的第二相粒子ZrC和ZrO2 ,研究了ZrC和ZrO2 粒子体积分数及轧后不同冷却方式对低碳钢组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明 ,轧制变形量为 84 %时 ,加入 0 .8%的ZrC粒子 ,采用轧后水冷方式可获得超细组织 ,晶粒尺寸可达到 9.8μm ;加入 0 .2 %的ZrO2 粒子时 ,晶粒尺寸可达 7.8μm。轧后水冷比轧后空冷方式能获得更为细小的晶粒     

几种高速钢使用性能的热扭分析

采用热扭分析方法,模拟实际使用环境条件,测量M_2、M_2AL和301高速钢的弹性变形功和弹塑性变形功,发现M_2AL高速钢比M_2高速钢使用性能优良主要原因是它有更高的弹性变形功和弹塑性变形功。而301高速钢的弹性变形功和弹塑变形功比M_2高速钢低得多,因此不适于制造机用刃具,说明热扭分析方法测定的弹性变形功和弹塑性功是准确评估高速钢的重要参数。     

微量合金元素对5CrNiMo钢淬透性的影响

设计了一种测定高淬透性钢淬透性的加压块端淬试验法,与标准端淬试验法对照进行了仔细的研究,论证了该方法的合理性和实用性。采用这种新方法成功地对国内外五种 5CrNiMo 钢进行了淬透性对比研究。结果表明:在 5CrNiMo 钢中加入0.11％的钒,并把铬钼含量控制在标准上限能有效地提高其淬透性;经改进后的国产 5CrNiMo钢的淬透性已经赶上和超过德国、日本同类钢的实物水平。     

低碳钢中超细铁素体的长大倾向

在热模拟单向压缩条件下考察了四个不同C,Mn含量的低碳钢中通过形变强化相变产生的超细铁素体在模拟卷取温度下的长大倾向.结果表明,不同C,Mn含量的四种钢中的超细铁索体在～500℃的保温0～10min过程中都很稳定,没有明显的长大过程,也未明显观察到铁素体的静态再结晶.超细铁素体稳定的主要原因是由于稳定的第二组织(珠光体或渗碳体颗粒)的有效钉扎,它既阻止了铁素体的明显长大,也抑制其静态再结晶的充分进行.但不同C,Mn含量的四种钢中的第二组织有不同的演变规律,保温过程中形变奥氏体内形成离异珠光体并缓慢粗化.另外,利用背散射电子衍射取向成像技术还测定了08钢保温过程中的取向(差)变化.     

低温奥氏体钢韧度计算设计

研究了低温奥氏体钢的韧脆转变规律和三个重要特征参量 :室温冲击韧度A30 0KV,韧脆转变温度和韧脆转变曲线斜率KC 根据实验结果 ,经计算机处理得到定量计算式 :A30 0KV =f(Me) ,AKV(J) =A30 0KVexp -B 30 0 -TK30 02 ,B是合金元素和温度的函数 经验证 ,计算结果是满意的 ,可应用于低温奥氏体钢的冲击韧度计算和设计