An overview of resistive random access memory devices

With recent progress in material science, resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices have attracted interest for nonvolatile, low-power, nondestructive readout, and high-density memories. Relevant performance parameters of RRAM devices include operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage. Numerous resistive-switching mechanisms, such as conductive filament, space-charge-limited conduction, trap charging and discharging, Schottky Emission, and Pool-Frenkel emission, have been proposed to explain the resistive switching of RRAM devices. In addition to a discussion of these mechanisms, the effects of electrode materials, doped oxide materials, and different configuration devices on the resistive-switching characteristics in nonvolatile memory applications, are reviewed. Finally, suggestions for future research, as well as the challenges awaiting RRAM devices, are given.     

The effects of the guide field on the structures of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the formation of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection.In anti-parallel reconnection,the quadrupole structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field are formed,and four symmetric electron density depletion layers can be found along the separatrices due to the effects of magetic mirror.With the increase of the initial guide field,the symmetry of both the out-of-plane magnetic field and electron density depletion layers is distorted.When the initial guide field is sufficiently large,the electron density depletion layers along the lower left and upper right separatrices disappear.The parallel electric field in guide field reconnection is found to play an important role in forming such structures of the electron density depletion layers.The structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field By and electron depletion layers in anti-parallel and guide field reconnection are found to be related to electron flow or in-plane currents in the separatrix regions.In anti-parallel reconnection,electrons flow towards the X line along the separatrices,and are directed away from the X line along the magnetic field lines just inside the separatrices.In guide field reconnection,electrons can only flow towards the X line along the upper left and lower right separatrices due to the existence of the parallel electric field in these regions.     

Compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for wide-dynamic-range relative humidity measurement

A compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for measuring relative humidity is studied. In such a system, a distributed feedback laser lasing near 1877 nm is used as light source while a high-precision Pt resistance as temperature sensor, an accuracy of 0.1% relative-humidity can be achieved. The laser sensor system is able to lock to the absorption peak and calculate the density of water vapor without any additional reference measurements. Using programs built in to the microcontroller unit, the laser system can switch functions between direct measurement at high density and second-harmonic detection at low density. The system can switch between the two modes automatically and work in a wide dynamic range.     

我国高校女子英式“七人制”橄榄球运动队发展现状及对策研究

为结合高校现有资源开展英式"七人制"橄榄球运动,在促进高校竞技体育发展的同时为国家培养出更多优秀的橄榄球人才,从而实现奥运金牌战略目标.本文运用问卷调查、专家访谈等方法对现阶段我国高校女子"七人制"橄榄球运动队发展现状进行分析,找出高校女子"七人制"橄榄球运动发展中的优势和不足,提出相应的解决方案,为女子"七人制"橄榄球运动在高校中快速、健康发展提出合理化建议.     

带转移机制且股票价格服从几何Levy过程的连续时间均值-方差投资组合选择

 研究了带转移机制且股票价格服从几何Levy过程的均值-方差投资组合选择模型。 用一个连续时间平稳马氏链表示市场所处的状态,文中主要参数,比如资产收益、Levy测度等均依赖于所处的市场状态。 分析了最优投资组合策略的存在性,用动态规划方法得到了最优投资组合策略、最优目标函数和有效前沿。     

虚拟线性倒立摆模型在行走机器人双腿支撑相中的应用

为了提高双足机器人步行运动的稳定性,将双腿支撑阶段的机器人简化为一个虚拟的线性倒立摆模型。该模型以机器人运动的ZMP(zero moment point)为虚拟支点,以机器人质心为模型的质点;在运动中保持质点高度不变。通过预先设定ZMP的轨迹,即可获得机器人质心在双腿支撑阶段的运动轨迹。将该模型与机器人单腿支撑阶段的普通线性倒立摆模型综合运用,就能保证步行时机器人质心速度变化的连续性和步行运动的稳定性。该方法在实际机器人上进行了实验验证,结果表明该方法能够很好地适用于实际机器人的步行运动。     

影响脉冲电流法制备MnO2超级电容器电极性能的因素

通过正交实验法研究了影响脉冲电流法合成MnO2超级电容器电极材料性能的影响因素,发现影响效果由大到小依次为:脉冲电流关断时间,醋酸锰水溶液浓度,脉冲电流密度,脉冲电流导通时间.在正交实验法得出的最优条件下,即醋酸锰浓度为0.5 mol/L,电流密度为250 A/m2,导通时间为0.01 s,关断时间为0.2 s,所制备的MnO2薄膜电极材料表面具有丰富的纳米球结构,在10 mV/s的扫描速率下,3 mol/L的KCl溶液作为电解液,比容量可以达到575 F/g,并且在2 000mV/s的快速充放电条件下,仍然能够保持良好的电容特性.     

曹妃甸海域磷酸盐容量控制

首先,建立曹妃甸海域潮流和污染物输运数学模型,并用实测资料对模型进行验证;然后,应用验证好的数学模型,计算六种典型水文条件(洪季大、中、小潮,枯季大、中、小潮)下该海域8个河流排污口和曹妃甸围填区混合区半径上的磷酸盐浓度,并与功能区要求的水质标准进行比较分析;最后,计算出磷酸盐的允许排放量和削减率.结果表明:磷酸盐超标的枯季为陡河和沙河,洪季为双龙河和围填区,应加强对这些河流相应季节磷酸盐排放量的控制.     

PMSM矢量控制下逆变器母线电流频谱分析

逆变器直流母线电流频谱的准确解析是对电磁干扰进行分析及母线电容选取的重要理论基础。针对永磁同步(PMSM)作为负载时逆变器直流母线电流频谱的数学表达和理论求解方法分析了相电压基波和高次谐波对应的等效阻抗。分析得出:非凸极PMSM各次谐波对应的视在电感相等并且恒定;凸极式PMSM的基波电流可以在直轴和交轴上进行相量分解,其对应电感为直轴和交轴电感,高次谐波对应的电感随着转子的位置变化。理论计算时可以通过忽略高次谐波或取平均电感的方法来进行近似。给出了母线电流频谱计算的方法与过程。仿真和实验都证明了本文给出的计算方法及公式的正确性和有效性。     

基于恒电流二极管的LED驱动电路设计

LED照明是当前照明市场的热点趋势,对于其驱动电路设计方案也层出不穷.本文根据恒电流二极管的特性,针对LED照明中的小功率和大功率LED的不同特性,分别给出了驱动电路设计.保证LED驱动电路性能的同时大大简化了其驱动电路设计,降低了驱动电路的成本.