斑马鱼血栓模型在中药活性成分筛选中的适用性

为了考察斑马鱼血栓生成模型在中药成分活性筛选中的适应性,利用体外血小板聚集实验和体内斑马鱼血栓形成实验,分别检测中药单体对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响。筛选模型选择3~5 d的野生型AB系斑马鱼以及转基因TG系（integrin αIIb: EGFP）血小板标记绿色荧光斑马鱼,利用三氯化铁诱导血栓形成,以凝血时间为指标,用20种中药单体成分处理斑马鱼,考察对斑马鱼血栓形成的影响。同时,采集大鼠全血制备富血小板血浆和贫血小板血浆,利用血小板聚集仪测定血小板聚集率,检测中药单体成分活性。结果显示：有7种中药单体成分具有抑制斑马鱼血栓形成活性,首次发现桃叶珊瑚苷具有明显的抑制斑马鱼血栓形成作用;体外血小板聚集实验结果显示有12种中药材成分具有抑制血小板聚集的作用,其中100 μg/mL 红景天苷的血小板聚集抑制率88.22%;利用斑马鱼血栓模型检测出的7种中药单体与体外血小板聚集实验结果一致。斑马鱼血栓生成模型对中药抗血栓活性筛选具有良好的适应性。     

牡丹籽油微囊粉对异烟肼诱导的斑马鱼发育毒性的保护作用

为评价牡丹籽油微囊粉（PSO）对异烟肼（INH）发育毒性的保护作用,用不同浓度的PSO处理发育至2 h的斑马鱼胚胎,于处理后24、48、72、96 h观察幼鱼的死亡率、孵化率与形态学变化,确定斑马鱼对PSO的耐受剂量。通过死亡率、形态评分等指标评价PSO对INH诱导的斑马鱼发育毒性的保护作用。结果表明,PSO在20、40、80 μg/mL浓度下对斑马鱼发育没有影响,20 μg/mL PSO缓解了INH导致的斑马鱼幼鱼畸形情况,降低了INH导致的斑马鱼幼鱼死亡率。PSO对INH发育毒性具有保护作用。     

微注射入TCP10L基因对斑马鱼形态的影响

利用模式生物斑马鱼,通过微注射的方法,研究了人肝脏特异性转录因子TCP10L对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育的影响.结果显示：人TCP10L基因对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定的毒性.表现为早期的脊索发育异常,个体严重畸形;当血液循环出现后,表现为血流延缓和围心腔水肿等症状.该项研究表明：人肝脏特异性转录因子TCP10L在斑马鱼胚胎中的过表达会引起显著的形态异常和心血管障碍,并且这种影响与其是否在斑马鱼肝内的特异表达有关,为进一步探明该转录因子在人肝脏内发挥的功能奠定了基础.     

Novel gene expressed during early embryogenesis of zebrafish identified by mRNA differential display

Following the revelation of the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in fruitfly, research on the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in vertebrate becomes the focus of developmental biology. The isolation of genes controlling the embryogenesis of zebrafish, a vertebrate model animal, is considered as an initial step toward investigating this issue. There are several approaches that can be used to isolate developmental genes, each of which is suited to a particular situation. In this note, mRNA differential display was utilized to demonstrate the mRNA differences among zebrafish embryos at 4, 5 and 6 h post fertilization (28.5℃, corresponding to oblong, dome and shield stages, respectively, called blastula, gastrula and neurula in this note). One cDNA tag that was specific to embryos at neurula stage was cloned and sequenced. After sequence comparison in Genbank, we found that this cDNA tag represents a novel gene. The expression of this gene in the developing zebrafish embryos was examined by whole mount in situ hybridization. The hybridization results confirmed that this gene was specifically expressed in zebrafish neurula embryos.     

基于斑马鱼模型的海洋中药厚藤安全性评价

采用模式生物斑马鱼模型评价海洋中药厚藤水提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet water extract,IWE）及醇提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet alcohol extract,IAE）的安全性。采用受精后3 dpf （Day post fertilization） AB系斑马鱼进行急性毒性评价,将受精后10 hpf （Hours post fertilization）斑马鱼用于胚胎发育毒性及心脏毒性评价;将受精后3 dpf的gz15Tg/+（AB）肝脏荧光蛋白转基因斑马鱼用于肝脏毒性评价。结果表明,急性毒性实验中厚藤水提物半数致死浓度（LC₅₀）为2.84 mg/mL,10%致死浓度（LC₁₀）为1.46 mg/mL;厚藤醇提物LC₅₀为1.32 mg/mL,LC₁₀为0.76 mg/mL。胚胎发育毒性实验中厚藤水提物最大非致死浓度（MNLC）组及LC₁₀组干预24 h对斑马鱼胚胎未见尾部自主运动现象且发育迟缓,斑马鱼发育至72 hpf出现心脏和软黄囊肿大现象;厚藤醇提物LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较出现心包水肿,血瘀,观察中各组未见胚胎发育畸形现象。心脏毒性实验中空白对照组斑马鱼胚胎心跳节律规则、搏动强有力;厚藤水提物及醇提物在24 hpf,48 hpf,72 hpf时间点1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率且呈现剂量依赖性（P<0.01）;厚藤水提物及醇提物1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显增加斑马鱼胚胎的SV-BA间距（P<0.01）。肝脏毒性实验中厚藤水提物中各给药组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有减少趋势,组间比较无差异性;厚藤醇提物中1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有增加趋势,但组间比较无差异性,各给药组斑马鱼的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平与空白对照组比较均无显著差异。本实验中厚藤水提物的LC₅₀显著高于醇提物。高剂量LC₁₀组均对斑马鱼胚胎发育产生一定毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物随着给药剂量增加,明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率,产生一定心脏毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物均未引起明显的肝脏毒性。     

Toxicity of the brominated flame retardant tris-（2,3-dibromopropyl） isocyanurate in zebrafish （Danio rerio）

Tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) is a heterocyclic brominated flame retardant that was recently detected in the environment in China. TBC is semi-volatile and can accumulate in the lipid of some species, but little is known about its effect on aquatic organisms. We exposed adult zebrafish to 0, 0.25, 1 and 4 mg/L TBC for 28 d and measured the effect on survival, growth, histopathology, hormone levels, enzyme activity, and gene expression. TBC exposure had no effect on survival or growth. We observed significant damage to the liver and gill, including hepatocellular swelling and fatty degeneration in the liver as well as proliferation and edema of epithelial cells in the gills. In addition, exposure to 4 mg/L TBC induced proliferation of goblet cells in the intestine of both sexes, acellular areas in the testis, and thinly scattered vitellogenic granules in vitellogenic oocytes. TBC exposure had no effect on the levels of thyroid hormones, testosterone, estradiol, liver superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content, and brain cholinesterase activity. By contrast, hepatic vitellogenin and cytochrome P4501A gene expression was significantly down-regulated in both male and female zebrafish in response to TBC exposure. Our results suggest that exposure to TBC causes a variety of potential reproductive and endocrine toxic effects.     

The expression of vasa gene during zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) oogenesis

vasa gene expression pattern during oogenesis of zebrafish was examined usingin situ hybridization and fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. During zebrafish oogensis,vasa mRNA is expressed strongly and uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm in stage II oocytes, followed by a distribution among vacuome in stage III. Later in stage IV and V,vasa mRNA is enriched at the cortex and finally localized at the cortex. The fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR shows that the quantity ofvasa mRNA decreases from stage II to stage III, but remains relatively invariable from stage III to stage V. The observed differences invasa mRNA expression in the different stages of zebrafish oogenesis suggest thatvasa gene plays an important role during oogenesis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30370744, 30150005) Biography: XIANG Fang (1979-), male, Master candidate, research direction: molecular development of animals.     

低聚果糖和低聚异麦芽糖促进斑马鱼肠道蠕动作用的研究

探讨基于斑马鱼模型的低聚果糖及低聚异麦芽糖对肠道蠕动的促进作用。选用发育正常的5 d的斑马鱼幼鱼,各实验组分别加入不同浓度的低聚果糖和低聚异麦芽糖溶液,培养24 h后,在显微镜下观察其对斑马鱼肠道蠕动次数的影响。实验结果表明,125~500 mg/mL的低聚果糖和低聚异麦芽糖均对斑马鱼肠道蠕动有促进作用,蠕动次数与浓度成正相关性。相同浓度条件下,低聚果糖较低聚异麦芽糖促进斑马鱼肠道蠕动的作用更明显。采用斑马鱼动物模型可实现促进肠蠕动药物的早期、快速筛选。     

利用斑马鱼模型评价氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐及淫羊藿的促进骨骼矿化作用

探讨基于斑马鱼模型的不同浓度的氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐及淫羊藿提取物的促进骨骼矿化活性。选用发育正常的72 hpf斑马鱼胚胎,以培养水为溶剂对照,各受试组分别加入不同浓度（1、10和100 μg/mL）的氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐溶液或淫羊藿提取物溶液,连续培养4 d后,用体积分数为0.2 %钙黄绿素染色1 h,在体式荧光显微镜下观察斑马鱼骨骼发育情况,拍照并用图像分析软件计算骨骼染色面积。与对照组相比,各受试组对斑马鱼骨骼矿化均呈现一定程度的促进作用,且呈现明显的剂量依赖性。氨基葡萄糖盐酸及淫羊藿提取物均具有较好的促进斑马鱼骨骼矿化的活性。相同浓度条件下,氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐较淫羊藿提取物具有更好的促进骨骼矿化活性。     

27种中药提取物抑制血管生成活性的评价

对27种中药分别采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水进行系统提取,利用转基因斑马鱼对提取物进行血管生成抑制活性检测。提取物处理斑马鱼胚胎24 h后,统计斑马鱼节间血管(ISV)的生长情况,并计算抑制率;部分有活性的提取物进一步采用鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）实验进行验证。实验结果显示,川芎水提物、白芍乙酸乙酯提取物、竹黄水提物、鬼箭羽乙酸乙酯提取物和水提物、乳香水提取物、大青叶乙酸乙酯提取物显示出抑制血管活性现象;其中川芎水提取物、鬼箭羽乙酸乙酯和水提物、乳香水提取物对鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成具有明显的抑制作用。从27种中药中发现了7种提取物具有抑制转基因斑马鱼节间血管生长的作用,这种作用与血管内建生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)表达有关。