人CtBP2与CCNH相互作用的初步研究

CtBP2(E1AC-terminal binding protein 2)作为辅阻遏物与多种转录因子联系而参与到很多生物过程中,如细胞分化、凋亡、发育和肿瘤发生等,然而其中许多作用机制尚不明了.为了对CtBP2进行深入研究,利用高通量酵母双杂交技术,以人CtBP2为诱饵,与含有1000个人肝基因克隆的酵母双杂交文库进行接合筛选获得了一个与它相互作用的猎物蛋白CCNH(Cyclin H).通过GST-pull down、免疫共沉淀和亚细胞共定位等实验进一步证明了这两个蛋白在体外和体内的相互作用.     

用原子力显微镜观察活海马区神经元三维超微结构

在液体环境中,利用原子力显微镜成功地对体外培养的大鼠海马区神经元进行了超微结构的成像研究。分别获取了活海马神经元胞体、轴突、树突以及生长锥等结构清晰的原子力显微图像,并对其三维结构进行了定量分析。为进一步利用原子力显微镜研究海马神经元打下了基础。     

中枢记忆性T细胞和效应记忆性T细胞

免疫记忆是适应性免疫应答的重要特征,其细胞学基础的阐明是疫苗开发和疾病预防的关键。近年来的研究表明,记忆性T细胞可以被进一步划分为中枢记忆性T细胞和外周记忆性T细胞2个亚群,它们的分布和功能迥异,在生物学特性上也不尽相同。二者关系的深入探讨对于免疫记忆的认识和疾病防治均具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

弱激光照射周氏新对虾心脏细胞的显微和超微结构观察

采用He-Ne激光照射周氏新对虾的心脏组织.组织学和生物统计学表明:He-Ne激光照射后,心脏组织具有明显异染色质的细胞数量有所增加.在同一照射强度的情况下,照射的时间越长,其心脏组织具有明显异染色质的细胞数量就越多;电镜观察结果表明:经过2 h照射立即取材的心肌细胞,细胞核形态发生变化,异染色质增加,线粒体出现空泡化、嵴断裂、水肿,粗面内质网出现扩张、颗粒脱落.     

酵母细胞麦角固醇的提取条件

通过对酵母细胞麦角固醇皂化提取条件的研究,并在不同的菌株上进行验证,以及与其他方法的对比,提出了对麦角固醇进行皂化提取的方法:即1 mL发酵液的离心沉淀物加2 mL 500 g/L的KOH和1.5 mL无水乙醇,85～90 ℃皂化3 h,麦角固醇提取效率较高.     

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

Advances in our understanding of cardiac development have fuelled research into cellular approaches to myocardial repair of the damaged heart. In this collection of reviews we present recent advances into the basic mechanisms of heart development and the resident and non-resident progenitor cell populations that are currently being investigated as potential mediators of cardiac repair. Together these reviews illustrate that despite our current knowledge about how the heart is constructed, caution and much more research in this exciting field is essential. The current momentum to evaluate the potential for cardiac repair will in turn accelerate research into fundamental aspects of myocardial biology.     

Surface molecules regulating rolling and adhesion to endothelium of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells and their interaction

The extravasation of leukocytes and tumor cells is a multi-step process with the involvement of various adhesion molecules depending on the three steps rolling, adhesion, and diapedesis. We have developed an in vitro model, by which we investigated the rolling and adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma cells to lung endothelial cells under physiological flow-conditions. We found that norepinephrine had an inhibitory function on the fMLP-promoted adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes due to a down-regulation of β2-integrin. Furthermore, neutrophil granulocytes serve as linking cells for the interaction of the MDA-MB-468 cells with the endothelium, which are both β2-integrin negative, but express the β2-integrin ligand ICAM-1. In addition, we show here that N-cadherin is up-regulated on the endothelial cells and on neutrophil granulocytes in response to fMLP. This up-regulation resulted in a significant increase of adherent MDA-MB-468 cells, which are also N-cadherin positive. Received 3 September 2007; received after revision 17 October 2007; accepted 22 October 2007     

From endoderm to pancreas: a multistep journey

The formation of the vertebrate pancreas is a complex process that typifies the basic steps of embryonic development. It involves the establishment of competence, specification, signaling from neighboring tissues, morphogenesis, and the elaboration of tissue-specific genetic networks. A full analysis of this multistep process will help us to understand classic principles of embryonic development. Furthermore, this will provide the blueprint for experimental programming of pancreas formation from embryonic stem cells in the context of diabetes cell-therapy. Although in the past decade many studies have contributed to a solid foundation for understanding pancreatogenesis, important gaps persist in our knowledge of early pancreas formation. This review will summarize the current understanding of the early mechanisms coming into play to pattern the "pre-pancreatic" region within the endoderm and, gradually, specify the pancreatic tissue.     

包囊游仆虫细胞的类中间纤维细胞骨架体系

应用生化分级抽提,并结合DGD包埋 去包埋透射电镜样品制备方法显示,包囊游仆虫营养细胞和休眠细胞中,均存在由直径10 nm左右的单根纤维及单根纤维聚集成的纤维束为结构单元形成的类中间纤维细胞骨架体系.其中,营养细胞的类中间纤维构成的细胞质三维网架,在细胞膜内缘以较密集的纤维网占有了整个表质层,在表质层内缘的细胞质深部纤维形成较松散的网络,网内常见附着有细胞器及一些电子密度颗粒;核纤层位于大核核膜内缘,纤维紧密聚集成网;核骨架纤维网分布比较致密,未见有电子密度颗粒附着.休眠细胞中含有与营养细胞相似的纤维网架结构,但位于细胞内不同层次的纤维网比营养细胞中的同种结构要致密得多,这可能与纤毛虫形成包囊时细胞大范围的收缩有关.并且值得注意的是,在休眠细胞包囊壁的内层壁中也观察到相似于中间纤维的纤维网络,其纤维网均匀和致密地分布在整个包囊壁层中.电泳图谱显示,纤毛虫形成包囊后,保留了营养细胞中的部分蛋白条带,失去了部分条带,新产生了一些特异的条带.结果表明,包囊游仆虫的类中间纤维 核骨架体系,是细胞在营养条件下和休眠状态下都稳定存在的结构,它可能起到比微管类骨架更重要的作用.并且休眠细胞中该体系产生的一些特异蛋白条带,可能是纤毛虫休眠生命活动中的重要蛋白.     

几种诱导昆虫细胞RNA干扰质粒的构建和效果比较

构建了四种可以在昆虫细胞中表达形成dsRNA的质粒,比较了其诱导RNA干扰,抑制目标基因———绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因表达的效果.四种质粒都不同程度地抑制了质粒介导的GFP表达,其中尤以单个果蝇hsp70启动子表达反向重复序列,并带有杆状病毒AcMNPV增强子hr5的质粒效果最佳,使GFP表达量下降到原来的3.9%.当用于抑制由杆状病毒介导的GFP表达时,以两个相向排列的AcMNPV ie1基因启动子的构造有明显的抑制效果.这些结果对于在昆虫细胞中有效地利用RNA i研究基因功能有参考意义.