苹果和山梨导管的解剖学研究

采用离析法和光学显微技术,对苹果和山梨木质部导管细胞的类型、所占比例及导管细胞的长度和口径,纤维细胞的长度和口径进行了比较解剖研究.结果表明:两种材料导管类型相同,但所占比例不同;山梨木质部导管要比苹果木质部导管长且宽;山梨的纤维细胞长度和口径比苹果的纤维细胞长度和口径大,且长度上差异明显.     

四种裸子植物木质部的比较研究

通过对四种不同的裸子植物的茎的木质部的观察研究，统计并测量了不同裸子植物的木质部管胞直径的大小、管胞壁的加厚情况．从解剖学角度对裸子植物木质部进行阐述．     

维管植物抗盐生理的某些问题

本文论述了有关维管植物抗盐生理的几个问题,主要从以下三方面进行了讨论:(1)维管植物体内的离子浓度和细胞区域化;(2)盐度对维管植物生长的抑制;(3)维管植物的抗盐机理。     

中国金缕梅科12属植物次生木质部的比较解剖

本文采用常规的木材解剖学方法，对我国金缕梅科(Hamamelidacea)5个亚科12属14种植物，进行了木材比较解剖学研究。结果表明，本科中最原始的是金缕梅亚科(Hamamelidaceae)的榴木属；最进化的是同亚科的蚊母树属和水丝梨属。这说明金缕梅亚科内部各属之间的进化程度并不一致。其它4个亚科中的7个属，进化程度处于榴木属和蚊母树属、水丝梨属之间。壳菜果和枫香树这两个亚科内，各自的属间进化程度较为一致。马蹄荷亚科与红花荷亚科均各只有一个属，它们的进化程度相对于金缕梅亚科的3个属来说，较为居中，且彼此也很相近。总的来说，除了金缕梅亚科内部各属进化程度差异较大以外，剩下的4个亚科进化程度都较为接近。在同一亚科内，属间木材结构有一定的差异，但程度有所不同。     

构树去木质部后TIBA对组织再生的影响及其间过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

构树(Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.)去木质部后,IAA的运输抑制剂TIBA(三碘苯甲酸)可抑制IAA对维管形成层和木栓形成层的再生与活动,以及木质部和韧皮部分化等的促进作用。过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化与组织的分化过程密切相关。     

初生根的形态解剖结构与春小麦抗旱性的关系初探

生长在半干旱条件下的春小麦,如果其初生根数目较少或者种子根后生木质部的中央大导管的直径较小,就可以提高作物对有限水分吸收的抵抗力,从而提高作物群体的抗旱能力。这是其形态解剖结结构对水分胁迫的一种适应。     

Does ammonium uptake influence xylem sap composition inPhaseolus vulgaris L. andGlycine max (L.) Merill?

The question of whether ammonium uptake influences the occurrence of ureides in legumes has been addressed in this study by investigating threeP. vulgaris genotypes as well as one cultivar ofGlycine max. All plants were raised in sand culture during the dry season in northern Thailand and irrigated daily with nitrogen-free nutrient solution, or the same solution containing 12 mol m^–3 nitrogen in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄ or KNO₃, each treatment consisting of different proportions of either compound. Regression analyses of xylem sap composition relative to ammonium vs. nitrate supply of plants harvested at V4, R1 and R6 indicated close positive correlations of xylem amino nitrogen content and negative correlations with xylem nitrate content and ammonium supply. Statistically significant correlations between relative xylem ureide content and ammonium availability could be established for theP. vulgaris cultivar Brilliant up to stage R1, but not for the other plants investigated. It was concluded that at least for some genotypes of common bean a relationship exists between ureide production and ammonium uptake by the root system. Since the extent to which ureide production is stimulated remains quite small, its relevance to the xylem solute technique for measurement of N₂ fixation may be limited. Nevertheless, due to the possibility of large genotypic differences in the impact of ammonium on ureide production, this factor must be considered in calculations if N₂ fixation is to be determined in soils containing significant amounts of ammonium, e.g. in paddy fields.     

药用甘草一年生根下胚轴根茎比较形态学的研究

本文就药用甘草一年生根,下胚轴根茎的形态结构进行了比较研究。根园柱形,周皮黄棕色或暗棕色,有规则的纵沟纹及横生皮孔。平整切断面纤维性,浅黄色形成层环明显,射线放射状,中心淡黄色。根茎外形与根相似,自地上茎基部侧生出1—2条,表面具芽痕。根初生结构属于“四原型”,次生结构与一般双子叶植物根相同。其区别根增粗主要由于次生维管束,射线、轫皮射线,木射线增多,特别是射线,轫皮射线,木射线细胞显著增大的结果。根中心为射线,木射线伸入薄壁细胞所充满。我们首次发现根由下胚轴主根组成,根茎具有茎的结构特征。     

Root and xylem ABA changes in response to soil drying in two woody plants

Two woody plants, Platycladus orientalise (tolerant to drought) and Acacia auriculi-formis (sensitive to drought), have been subjected to rapid and slow soil drying. ABA levels in their roots and xylem sap have been determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA, sensitivity is 0.4 pmol per assay vial) with a monoclonal antibody against ( + )-ABA. ABA contents of P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis growing in well watered soil are 0.3 and 2.5 nmol·gDW-1 in roots and 1.6 and 0.4 μmol in xylem saps, respectively. A rapid soil drying has been applied to these two plants with soil water content (SWC) being reduced to 0.02 and 0.06 g·gDW-1 respectively. Under such treatment, ABA was increased by 22 times and 2 times in roots and by 7 times and 34 times in xylem saps respectively for P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis. After rewatering for 6 d, ABA in roots and xylem sap of both species returned to control levels. When a slow soil drying was applied, SWC was reduced to 0.1 and 0.13 g·gDW-1 respectively for P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis. ABA was increased by 5 times and 1.6 times in roots and by 6 times and 19 times in xylem saps respectively for these two plants. ABA in roots and xylem saps decreased to near control levels 8 d after watering. Plant leaf water potentials of both plants hardly changed at times when root and xylem ABA showed substantial increase in response to soil drying. It is concluded that ABA levels in the roots and xylem saps of P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis are more sensitively regulated than leaf water potential in response to soil drying and can act as a chemical signal in root-shoot communications of the drought stress.