Divergence of values and goals in participatory research

Public participation in scientific research has gained prominence in many scientific fields, but the theory of participatory research is still limited. In this paper, we suggest that the divergence of values and goals between academic researchers and public participants in research is key to analyzing the different forms this research takes. We examine two existing characterizations of participatory research: one in terms of public participants' role in the research, the other in terms of the virtues of the research. In our view, each of these captures an important feature of participatory research but is, on its own, limited in what features it takes into account. We introduce an expanded conception of norms of collaboration that extends to both academic researchers and public participants. We suggest that satisfying these norms requires consideration of the two groups' possibly divergent values and goals, and that a broad characterization of participatory research that starts from participants' values and goals can motivate both public participants’ role in the research and the virtues of the research. The resulting framework clarifies the similarities and differences among participatory projects and can help guide the responsible design of such projects.     

开放科学及建构的制度逻辑

科学与技术是两种不同的制度模式,前者属于科学共和国"Republic of Science",后者属于技术王国"Realm of Technology",两者具有天生的互补性。开放科学作为一种非市场化的激励制度,提出一套基于优先权的报酬体制,强调在知识产权保护前提下追求创新知识社会福利的最大化,对于催生高质量的研究和创新(Research&Innovation)至关重要。本文在阐述开放科学起源、发展与理论内涵的基础上,重点从公共资助、累积创新、知识产权保护和知识分工四个方面,深入探究了开放科学建构的制度逻辑。     

关于我国情报学定量研究的理性思考

从科学研究方法论出发,分析了定量研究与定性研究的性质以及二者的区别与联系,指出了我国情报学定量研究应用中存在的问题,探讨了研究工具与对象的匹配、定性研究与定量研究的配合以及如何看待数学工具等问题。     

科学饮食 营造健康生活

饮食是人类生存的根本,是生命的源泉。伴随着人民生活水平的提高和对餐饮业需求的增长,饮食健康成了一道靓丽的风景。饮食文化、合理膳食、科学烹调和饮食习惯引起了人们广泛关注。     

The age of synthesis: From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.     

基于用户需求的图书馆社会科学信息资源建设

在分析图书馆社会科学信息用户的基础上,归纳总结了图书馆社会科学信息用户需求的特点,并对以用户为中心的图书馆社会科学信息资源建设做了探讨。     

科学与人文“二生三”模式的跨学科探讨

在评述以科学为中心的“第三种文化”和以人文为中心的“第三极文化”基础上，从文理跨学科的视角，提出了以科学与人文互补为中心的新文化理路。     

论抗日根据地科技社团的发展及其作用

在中共的领导和支持下,陕甘宁、晋察冀等根据地兴起了影响深远的自然科学运动。创立各类科技社团则成为这场运动的有机组成部分。抗日根据地的科技社团在汇聚人才、培养科技干部,服务边区经济建设、推进科学知识的传播以及在参政议政、决策咨询和对外联络等方面均做出了不可磨灭的贡献。这对于今天监督和指导科技社团的健康发展仍具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

材料科学与工程专业综合实验的教学改革与实践

针对人才培养及专业特点，开设了应用型、模块化、综合性的材料科学与工程专业综合实验，经过改革和实践，在培养学生综合实践能力和创新意识等方面取得了较好的效果，同时也提出了进一步改革和完善的设想。     

浅谈基于数字图书馆建设的图书馆学教育改革

阐述了当今数字图书馆建设对图书馆学教育提出的新要求,论述了基于数字图书馆建设的图书馆学教育改革的基本动因,提出了图书馆学本科教育和研究生教育的改革举措。