一种高效的线谱对参数分段量化方案

为了适应300 b/s以下超低速声码器的需要,提出了一种基于离散余弦变换DCT高效的线谱对参数分段量化方案--DCTSQ(discrete cosine transform segment quantization)方案.采用分段量化的思想,针对语音分段后提取出的线谱对参数矩阵维数不固定问题,对维数转换进行优化分析并利用DCT实现.在此基础上,推导出了DCTSQ方案的码本设计方法.仿真结果表明,相对于目前的分段量化方案和矩阵量化方案,DCTSQ方案可有效提高LSP参数量化效率.     

Effects of butyrate and insulin and their interaction on the DNA synthesis of rumen epithelial cells in culture

Summary Rumen epithelial cells (REC) were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of butyrate or insulin or with both of them, to obtain information on their effect on the DNA synthesis of cultured cells. The 24-h values of³H-thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA were measured in the presence of butyrate, insulin or butyrate plus insulin. While butyrate reduced DNA synthesis, insulin produced an increase over the control. Combined butyrate plus insulin treatment influenced the incorporation of label in accordance with the relative proportion of these two substances.     

DNA synthesis in the nuclei of differentiating muscle fibers of the silkworm,Bombyx mori L.

Summary Incorporation of³H-thymidine (³HTdr) into the nuclei of myofibril-containing myofibers of larvae of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, was shown by means of light microscope (LM) and electron-microscope (EM) autoradiography. The number of DNA-synthesizing myonuclei attains 42% 12–18 h after each molt. Thus in the developing silkworm DNA replication and myofibrillogenesis are coexisting and not mutually exclusive processes as is the rule in vertebrate somatic myogenesis.     

Urushiol components as mediators in DNA strand scission

Summary Poison oak urushiol, a mixture of 3-alk(en)ylcatechol derivatives was found to mediate DNA strand scission in the presence of oxygen and with copper(II) chloride as a catalyst. The reactionis believed to occur via activated reduced oxygen produced during oxidation of the catechol into itso-quinone derivative.     

脱氧胞苷激酶基因的DNA探针的制备和纯化

本文报道乳酸杆菌脱氧胞苷激酶基因的DNA探针的人工合成和分离纯化以及杂交条件的探讨。结果表明:合成的探针可与酶解的核DNA杂交,显示出三条杂交带。     

Mitochondrial DNA variation in social wasps (Hymenoptera,Vespidae)

Summary Patterns of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of European Vespinae were more similar within genera than between them. Distance trees were constructed that support the hypothesis of monophyly of the generaVespula andDolichovespula. Within the genusVespula, V. germanica was more closely related toV. rufa than toV. vulgaris. The position of the genusVespa remained uncertain due to the precision limits of the RFLP technique.     

Covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 to liver DNA in rats pretreated with ethanol

Summary Male Fischer F-344 rats were given ethanol in the drinking water and/or by single oral administration. Following this, the animals received p.o. 100 ng/kg of the hepatocarcinogen [³H]aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). 24 h later, the level of DNA-bound AFB₁ was determined in the liver and was found not to be affected by any type of ethanol pretreatment. A cocarcinogenic effect of ethanol in the liver is therefore unlikely to be due to an effect on the metabolic activation and inactivation processes governing the formation of DNA-binding AFB₁ metabolites.To whom correspondence should be addressed.Acknowledgment. We thank the European Science Foundation for the Toxicology Research Fellowship awarded to M.M.     

Maternal vitamin A restriction alters biochemical development of the brain in rats

Summary The biochemical development of the fetal brain in relation to maternal vitamin A restriction was studied in rats. The vitamin A status of pregnant rats was varied by supplying low, medium and adequate amounts (6, 40, and 100 g retinol/day/kg body weight, respectively) of vitamin A during pregnancy and suckling. The maternal vitamin A restriction caused an altered brain development in terms of tissue weight, DNA, RNA and protein levels, and biosynthesis of DNA and protein from [³H]-thymidine and [³H]-leucine, respectively. A dose-dependent effect of maternal vitamin A restriction on the metabolism of DNA, RNA and protein was noticed in the developing fetal brain of rats.     

The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.