Gene inactivation triggered by recognition between DNA repeats

This chapter focuses on phenomena of gene inactivation resulting from the presence of repeated gene copies within the genome of plants and fungi, and on their possible relationships to homologous DNA-DNA interactions. Emphasis is given to two related premeiotic processes: Methylation Induced Premeiotically (MIP) and Repeat-Induced Point mutation (RIP) which take place in the fungiAscobolus immersus andNeurospora crassa, respectively. The relationships between these processes and genetic recombination are discussed.     

C─值悖论及其机制

基因组大小，即Ｃ值，与基因组中所含的遗传信息的认定数量间缺乏对应，这种Ｃ一值悖论是由非基因ＤＮＡ的增加所造成的．     

遗传物质稳定性的辩证理解--谈DNA的稳定性与可变性

DNA在生物界中,堪称生物大分子中最重要者,主宰一切生物体维持其生命的各种机能的正常运行及每个物种一代一代繁衍于世,其结构是相对稳定的.     

Immune responses to DNA vaccines

DNA vaccines, based on plasmid vectors expressing an antigen under the control of a strong promoter, have been shown to induce protective immune responses to a number of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. They have also displayed efficacy in treatment or prevention of cancer, allergic diseases and autoimmunity. Immunologically, DNA vaccines induce a full spectrum of immune responses that include cytolytic T cells, T helper cells and antibodies. The immune response to DNA vaccines can be enhanced by genetic engineering of the antigen to facilitate its presentation to B and T cells. Furthermore, the immune response can be modulated by genetic adjuvants in the form of vectors expressing biologically active determinants or by more traditional adjuvants that facilitate uptake of DNA into cells. The ease of genetic manipulation of DNA vaccines invites their use not only as vaccines but also as research tools for immunologists and microbiologists. Received 26 October 1998; received after revision 3 December 1998; accepted 3 December 1998     

Roles of the DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins during meiosis

Numerous proteins are involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. The function and specificity of these proteins during the mitotic cell cycle has been actively investigated, in large part due to the involvement of these systems in human diseases. In contrast, comparatively little is known about their functioning during meiosis. At least three repair pathways operate during meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to repair mismatches that occur as a consequence of heteroduplex formation in recombination. The first pathway is similar to the one acting during postreplicative mismatch repair in mitotically dividing cells, while two pathways are responsible for the repair of large loops during meiosis, using proteins from MMR and NER systems. Some MMR proteins also help prevent recombination between diverged sequences during meiosis, and act late in recombination to affect the resolution of crossovers. This review will discuss the current status of DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins during meiosis, especially in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Received 21 September 1998; received after revision 23 November 1998; accepted 23 November 1998     

The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

福建两个蛋鸭品种和常见野鸭线粒体DNA(mtDNA)限制性酶切图谱的比较

用７种限制性内切酶（ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｏｃＲⅤ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳａｃⅠ、ＸｂａⅠ）分析了蛋鸭（金定鸭、莆田黑鸭）、野鸭（斑嘴鸭、绿头鸭）的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性类型,并用双酶法构建了以上鸭类的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性酶切图谱．结果表明,蛋鸭与野鸭在ｍｔＤＮＡ结构上发生了明显分岐．比较两种野鸭和金定鸭的图谱,发现金定鸭与绿头鸭的亲缘关系较近．     

赋权Hamilton路的DNA计算模型

DNA计算是一种基于生化反应的新型计算方式 ,目前已成为一个非常热门的研究领域。首先简单介绍了DNA分子的结构、计算机理及实现方式。然后 ,在Adleman工作的基础上 ,给出了赋权 (有向与无向 )型Hamil ton路问题的DNA计算模型。通过权值的转换方式 ,指出此模型对于任意实数权值的赋权图均适应。最后 ,指出了该模型存在的问题及进一步研究的方向。研究结果进一步证实了DNA计算的可行性。     

杂交法检测重组乙型肝炎疫苗（汉逊酵母）发酵产物HBsAg外源基因拷贝数

以汉逊酵母宿主基因组DNA和发酵产物基因组DNA的相同MOX启动子的片断为特异性探针,用地高辛标记后,与固定在杂交膜上的宿主基因组DNA和发酵产物基因组DNA进行杂交并显色,根据显色深度来判定发酵产物中外源基因拷贝数的大小。结果表明,发酵产物中HBsAg外源基因拷贝数不小于30个。该方法检测灵敏度较好,特异性较强,操作较安全,可用于重组汉逊酵母发酵产物中HBsAg外源基因拷贝数定性检测。