麦草碱—乙醇浆性能的初步研究

对纤维分离点处的麦草碱—乙醇浆,麦草苛性钠浆的打浆性能和纸页物理性能的比较发现:麦草碱—乙醇浆得率高12%(绝对值)左右,浆料易打浆,但相同打浆度下,纸页抗撕裂性能较差、脆裂度较大。脱除其部分残余木素后纸页性能得到改善。不论何种浆,打浆过程中纤维形态结构以及纤维的超分子结构的变化都较大地影响纸页的脆性。     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: The evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang,west China,as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints.A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed,and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi,Henan,and Xinjiang.The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran.The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from lran-the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii.The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the West during various periods of time in history.This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road,and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agri-culture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

沈阳地区冬小麦幼穗分化规律研究

本文研究了沈阳地区冬小麦的田间存活率、生育期、主茎春生叶龄等几个指标与冬小麦幼穗分化规律的关系.结论表明：田间存活率在品种间差别不显著,播期间显著.不同处理对全生育期及各个生育时期有很大的影响.叶龄可以作为反映幼穗分化阶段的辅助指标.各处理都没有观察到冬前生长锥伸长.返青后开始穗分,成穗分化历时一个半月左右.二棱期至小花分化期间隔日数长短决定能否分化更多的小穗数.     

DNA in wheat seeds from European archaeological sites

We have used hybridization analysis to detect ancient DNA in wheat seeds collected from three archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. One of these samples, carbonizedT. spelta dated to the first millennium BC, has yielded PCR products after amplification with primers directed at the leader regions of the HMW (high molecular weight) glutenin alleles. Sequences obtained from these products suggest that the DNA present in the Danebury seeds is chemically damaged, as expected for ancient DNA, and also indicate that it should be possible to study the genetic variability of archaeological wheat by ancient DNA analysis. Finally, we describe a PCR-based system that enables tetraploid and hexaploid wheats to be distinguished.     

水分胁迫对冬麦幼苗激素水平的影响

水分胁迫初期,2个品种小麦幼苗脱落酸(ABA)只有少量增加,此后ABA迅速累积,胁迫后期,F_ (122)约增加20.7倍,丰8仅增加4.7倍。复水后均很快下降到对照水平。胁迫初期,小麦幼苗出现萎蔫症状之前,玉米素核苷(ZR)便迅速下降,然后再升高,随着胁迫的加剧再次下降,复水后又迅速回升。出现一“反冲”现象。F_ (122)幼苗中ZR在干旱处理的第2天便迅速下降了69.8％,而丰在干旱的第3天只下降了14.6％。这反映了2个品种小麦内源激素水平的变化对水分胁迫反应的差异。     

小麦中赖氨酸含量快速测定法的研究

本文介绍采用721型分光光度计测定小麦中赖氨酸的含量，此法快速、准确。     

小麦高产优质低耗栽培途径生理基础研究—光合特性

采用“高肥宽行稀播”高产优质低耗栽培技术,小麦生育后期群体发展合理,中、下部光照充足,叶绿素含量提高,光合速率和灌浆速率加快,具有良好的光合特性。在维特较小的叶面积系数的基础上,改善光合性能,提高光合能力,是进一步提高小麦产量的一个关键。     

我国食品工业副产物资源化利用现状

我国是农业生产大国,农产品及食品工业的副产物数量巨大。为推进可持续化发展,这些副产物的资源化利用越来越受到人们的重视,并且很多副产物的深度开发与利用在研究与实践层面均取得了长足的进步,显示出良好的发展前景。以小麦、豆制品、油脂、蚕桑、石榴、葡萄等6大类食品加工业的副产物为例,系统阐述了我国小麦麸皮、小麦次粉、豆渣、豆粕、豆皮、油脚、脱臭馏出物、蚕蛹蛋白、蚕蛹油、石榴皮、石榴籽、葡萄皮、葡萄籽等食品工业废弃物的资源化利用现状。并以前期工作为基础,分别介绍了豆制品副产物及排放的黄浆水的资源化利用,石榴皮及石榴籽多酚提取物,石榴籽油及葡萄籽油的产品开发,桑蚕副产物制成的蚕蛹蛋白、活性肽、蚕蛹油、蚕蛹甲壳素的开发利用情况等。希望为我国食品工业副产物的深度开发与高值化利用提供借鉴和参考。     

烧碱法麦草浆黑液蒸发器结垢物的分形特征

对麦草浆黑液结垢物的分形特性进行了研究．麦草浆黑液结垢物的表面形貌表现出自相似性，其成长具有非线性的分形动力学特征，并计算出其分形维数。