Structural and biochemical mechanism responsible for the stay-green phenotype in common wheat

In order to increase the supply of assimilated carbon to grain, a new stay-green wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), with delayed leaf senescence, carrying wheat-rye 1RS.1BL translo- cated chromosome was developed. CN17 exhibited distinct differences in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) during the grain filling stage, and flag leaf senescence compared with the control. The new cultivar maintained longer and higher photosyn- thetic competence compared with the control, and this aspect correlated with the difference in chloro-plast development. Moreover, the stay-green pheno-type of CN17 was also observed under natural growth conditions. Consequently, the coordination of the physiological, biochemical, and structural aspects in the stay-green cultivar produced higher seed weights and per-plant yield compared with the control cultivar.     

基于虚拟仪器的近红外整粒小麦成分的测量系统

结合虚拟仪器技术和近红外光谱分析技术搭建了一种快速无损检测整粒小麦成分含量的系统。详细介绍了 该系统的硬件和软件设计，并扫描了40个已知粗蛋白化学值的整粒小麦样品的光谱图，建立了光谱数据与整粒小麦 粗蛋白含量间的关系模型来检验此系统的性能。结果表明此系统可以用于现场对整粒小麦进行快速无损检测。     

盐胁迫对小麦耐盐突变体苗期超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

对小麦盐突变体H8706－34，H8706－44，RH－48，RH8706－49室内水培的苗期（2叶小心），进行了0．7％的NaCl盐胁迫试验，结果表明，非盐胁迫时耐盐性强的突变体的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性极显著高于耐盐性差的突变体；在盐胁迫时，不同的突变体的SOD活性发生不同的变化，耐盐性强的突变体的SOD活性变化幅度较大，变化周期较长，表现出较好的适应性和对超氧自由基的反应能力；而耐盐性差的突变体的SOD活性的变化幅度小，且变化周期短，表现出较差的适应性和对超氧自由基的较的反应能力。     

动性球菌产生胞外脂肪酶的条件

测定了动性球菌产生胞外脂肪酶的酶活力,对动性球菌产生胞外脂肪酶的条件进行了研究.结果表明,当碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨,初始pH值为6.0时脂肪酶产率最高;K2HPO4,KH2PO4,CaCl2,ZnSO4和NaCl对脂肪酶产率有促进作用;CuSO4和MgSO4对脂肪酶产率有一定影响;FeCl3,BaCl2,CoSO4和MnSO4对脂肪酶产率影响较大;非离子表面活性剂吐温和聚乙烯醇均能促进脂肪酶的生成,且吐温比聚乙烯醇效果更好.     

Na2CO3胁迫对小麦截根苗生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了Na2CO3胁迫对小麦截根苗生长的影响,结果表明,Na2CO3胁迫可降低小麦植株根、地上部分的重量及叶片色素含量,增加叶片细胞膜透性.     

5种细胞周期调控基因在小鼠生殖细胞发育过程中的表达研究

 以成熟(10周龄以上)的昆明种正常小鼠的精巢和卵巢为材料,利用地高辛标记的基因探针进行组织切片上的DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了PCNA,cdc2,cyclin D1,p2 1和 p16 5种细胞周期调控基因在生殖细胞发育过程中的表达.结果表明:PCNA基因在睾丸组织的精原细胞和精母细胞中有强杂交信号,而在雌性生殖细胞及滤泡细胞的发育过程都没有杂交信号;cyclin D1,cdc2,p2 1,p16基因在生殖细胞的发育过程中都没有,表明这些基因并没有参与小鼠生殖细胞的生长和分化调控.这些事实表明在生殖细胞发育过程中,控制细胞增殖和增殖抑制的基因与培养细胞有不同的机制,它们可能采用了不同的调控系统.     

Change of water use efficiency and its relation with root system growth in wheat evolution

Raising crop water use efficiency (WUE) is the physiological basis to implement crop high efficiently using water. The present soil column and field experiments are designed to investigate the change of wheat WUE (Triticum aestivum L.) at whole plant level and root system growth in evolution and the relationship between WUE and its root system growth using 10 wheat evolution genotypes with different ploidy chromosomes sets. Results show that in wheat evolution from 2n→6n, WUE at whole plant level increases with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, and root system growth (root weight, root length) and root/shoot ratio of wheat decrease with the increase of ploidy chromosomes under dry and irrigated conditions. WUE is negatively correlated with root weight and root/shoot ratio of wheat in evolution, significantly. Root system growth has an adverse redundancy for WUE in wheat evolution, and the root redundancy reduces with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, which result in the increase of wheat WUE at whole plant level.     

导入野生大豆DNA小麦后代的农艺性状研究

用花粉管通道法将野生大豆总DNA导入小麦，获得了转基因小麦，其后代的农艺性状有较大的变化。田间实验分析了变异系小麦植株与对照植株在叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶面积及株高、穗粒、穗重等性状上的差异。t检验结果显示，变异系小麦在叶面性状及产量性状上的差异是显著的，外源DNA的导入改善了植物的农艺性状，并在后代中表达，为选育高产、优质的新小麦品种提供了依据。