Expression of lysine-rich protein gene and analysis of lysine content in transgenic wheat

Expression vector pBPC102, which carries winged bean lysine-rich protein (wblrp) gene and dihydropicolinate synthase (DHDPS) gene, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No.l, Jing411, You899 and Yangnongl5 explants of immature inflorescence and immature embryos by particle bombardment. More than 100 transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of s-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Confirmed transgenic plants of To and TI generation by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analyses showed successful integration of wblrp gene into wheat genome. Analysis of transgenic plant lines of T2 by Northern dot-blotting showed good expression of wblrp gene in offspring seed. The content of free lysine in leaves, contents of bound lysine and total proteins in seeds of T2 transgenie wheat lines were determined and analyzed. Among 34 tested transgenic lines, levels of free lysine content in leaves of 9 transgenic lines are 2~3times higher than un-trans-formed wild-type cultivars. Among 17 analyzed transgenic lines, bound lysine content of 4 transgenic lines is more than 10% higher than that of wild-type cultivars. Our research suggests that introducing wblrp gene into wheat is an effective way to improve its nutrition quality.     

小麦新品种"54368"生育的农业气象条件试验总结

用鲁麦1号小麦作对照,通过分期播种的方法,对小麦新品种"54368"进行了田间试验.结果显示,54368小麦需要的热量条件少于鲁麦1号,生育期比鲁麦1号短2天左右,抗蚜虫能力比鲁麦1号略差,抗锈病能力与鲁麦1号相当,丰产性能明显优于鲁麦1号.     

暗管排降对小麦养 分、干物质、籽粒产量及品质的影响

着重探讨了南方不同生态类型圩区农田埋设塑料暗管对小麦地上部分矿质营养吸收、干物质累积和分配、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明：农田埋设塑料暗管排水能显著提高麦株地上部分对Ｎ、Ｐ,Ｋ矿质营养元素的吸收,促进小麦各生育期尤其是拔节孕穗期地上部分干物质累积,小麦增产幅度达到２０．３％￣５３．３％,并能提高籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量,改善小麦籽粒的品质。     

水分胁迫条件下化控物质浸种对小麦根苗生长的影响

采用水培溶液添加PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫的方式，研究了化学调控物质浸种对不同程度水分胁迫下小麦根系及幼苗生长影响。结果表明，水分胁迫不同程度地降低了小麦幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部及根的干重、根系活力、SOD、POD活性等，并明显增加了根系MDA含量水平。化学调控物质浸种处理可以增加各种条件下小麦的总根长、叶面积、根活力及SOD与POD活性，且表现出在干旱胁迫下增加幅度高于正常处理的现象。化学调控物质浸种有利于缓解干旱胁迫带来的不良影响。利用FA、GA、MET及稀土等化学调控物质浸种具有促进根系生长、培育小麦壮苗的突出作用。图3，表2，参14。     

黑麦KingⅡ中白粉病抗性基因的染色体定位

寻找新的白粉病抗源对促进小麦白粉病抗性育种有重要意义.黑麦是重要的白粉病抗源之一,加强对黑麦白粉病抗性调查的研究也将有利于小麦育种.本实验调查了黑麦KingⅡ及衍生自中国春×黑麦KingⅡ的一套小麦一黑麦附加系的白粉病抗性.结果表明,黑麦KingⅡ对白粉病免疫,附加系中除3R和6R附加系对白粉病表现免疫外,其余5个附加系都高感白粉病.该结果表明3R和6R染色体上的白粉病抗性基因可以在小麦背景中得到表达.这为将黑麦白粉病抗性基因导入小麦提供了直接的桥梁材料.     

超滤分离纯化麦胚蛋白酶解物的研究

采用超滤法从麦胚蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽,考察了操作压力、操作温度及料液浓度等工艺参数对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后麦胚蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行了比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3000的聚砜膜对麦胚蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.30 MPa、操作温度20 ℃、麦胚蛋白酶解物浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,麦胚蛋白酶解物中相对分子质量1 000～500及500～130的组分分别为23.81%、48.63%,其抗氧化活性得到提高,清除O2-·的IC50由超滤前的1.64 mg·mL-1降至超滤后的1.29 mg·mL-1.图5,表3,参13.     

稀土拮抗污水对小麦幼苗过氧化物同工酶的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法，研究了小麦种子采用不同浓度的Ce（ON）3处理前后，用污水处理厂处理前后污水浇灌下生长出的小麦幼苗叶的过氧化物酶（POD）酶谱的变化．结果表明，污水中的重金属离子胁迫能促进POD的表达，而稀土元素对重金属离子有拮抗作用，使小麦幼苗叶的POD同工酶酶带发生变化．     

黄河灌区水热通量的观测与分析

为解决农田节水问题,进行了田间水热通量观测和水热耦合循环过程机理分析。观测系统主要包括:常规气象、辐射、涡度相关法观测系统以及土壤水分观测剖面。该系统能够连续和稳定地观测土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热循环过程,涡度相关法观测数据具有与国际同类观测一致的精度。对2005年山东省位山引黄灌区冬小麦和夏玉米生长期内水热平衡的分析表明:当叶面积指数较大时潜热是农田能量消耗的主要方式;在冬小麦返青至收割期内作物耗水略小于供水,而在玉米生长期内供水远大于作物耗水,灌区供水充分。     

Genomic and genic sequence variation in synthetic hexaploid wheat （AABBDD） as compared to their parental species

In order to understand the genomic changes during the evolution of hexaploid wheat, two sets of synthetic hexaploid wheat from hybridization between maternal tetraploid wheat （AABB） and paternal diploid goat grass （DD） were used for DNA-AFLP and single strand conformation polymorphism （SSCP） analysis to determine the genomic and genic variation in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. Results indicated that more DNA sequences from paternal diploid species were eliminated in the synthetic hexaploid wheat than from maternal tetraploid wheat, suggesting that genome from parental species of lower ploidity tends to be eliminated preferentially. However, sequence variation detected by SSCP procedure was much lower than those detected by DNA-AFLP, which indicated that much less variation in the genic regions occurred in the synthetic hexaploid wheat, and sequence variations detected by DNA-AFLP could be derived mostly from non-coding regions and repetitive sequences. Our results also indicated that sequence variation in 4 genes can be detected in hybrid F1, which suggested that this type of sequence variation could be resulted from distant hybridization. It was interesting to note that 3 out of the 4 genes were mapped and clustered on the long arm of chromosome 2D, which indicated that variation in genic sequences in synthetic hexaploid wheat might not be a randomized process.