砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐润湿性的实验研究

目的 研究石油磺酸盐对砂岩润湿性的测定方法。方法 采用Washburn方程建立了测定及计算方法。结果 通过相对润湿接触角概念的提出，得到了砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐水溶液体系润湿性的测定结果。结论 建立的砂岩．石油磺酸盐水溶液体系的润湿接触角测定方法是一简便、准确的方法。石油磺酸盐水溶液浓度的变化将对砂岩的润湿性质产生明显影响。     

高速磨削加工的残余硬度

研究了淬硬钢回火硬度与回火温度的关系．建立了回火硬度与回火温度关系的回火效应模型。磨削热导致回火引起淬硬钢磨削后表面硬度变化。通过合并磨削热模型和回火效应，可以预测工件磨削后的表面硬度变化。进行了45^#钢的高速磨削试验．研究了工件速度和磨削深度对磨削后表面硬度的影响。试验值与预测值能够较好吻合。     

大学毕业生就业生态问题及对策

就业生态指大学毕业生的就业期待、高等教育的培养预期与社会对人才的需求程度所构成的相互矛盾或协调的生态系统。这一生态系统中存在着三个层次的生态圈，即观念生态圈、行为生态圈、社会生态圈。观念生态圈的失衡、行为生态圈的错位、社会生态圈的失范是造成大学生就业难的生态原因。解决的办法，就是不断优化就业生态，改变观念生态圈的失衡；实行政策倾向，修正行为生态圈的错位；加快文化制度建设，扭转社会生态圈的失范。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯流变性及可纺性的研究

通过毛细管流变仪测定了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)在高温(230～260℃)高剪切速率(100～1500s^-1)下的流变性能，并在熔融纺丝机上研究了该接枝共聚物的可纺性。结果表明PP-g-MAH的剪切粘度在低剪切速率时比PP高，在高剪切速率时则低。PP-g-MAH的粘流活化能比PP的稍高，且随接枝率的增加而增大。马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯在250～260℃具有良好的可纺性。     

基于界面相互干扰能分析法的二乙醇胺水溶液自发浸润聚偏氟乙烯疏水微孔膜的机理研究

通过van Oss范德华表面张力拟合法,拟合出了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）疏水微孔膜和润湿PVDF膜的各界面张力,证实了表面活性剂的吸附入侵机理同样适用于二乙醇胺（DEA）溶液浸润PVDF膜。通过吸附实验和HyperChem软件的分子优化推算出了DEA分子在固液界面的相互干扰能,利用Hamaker算法计算了DEA分子与PVDF膜的相互干扰能。结合DEA分子的固液、固气相互干扰能和Starov界面吸附常数方程,定量计算出了DEA分子在PVDF膜上的固气界面吸附常数几乎为0,即DEA分子在自发浸润过程中吸附在固气表面的可能性极小,从而证实了DEA溶液缓慢浸润PVDF疏水微孔膜的机理是由于固液界面吸附导致固液界面张力下降而引起的液气界面附加压力反向。从相互干扰能的角度研究了润湿现象,并基于所得机理提出了抵抗润湿的方法。     

超亲水薄膜表面接触角的高精度测量

 作为极端润湿表面的一种,超亲水薄膜表面由于具有自清洁、防雾、防腐蚀等特性,成为现代工业、城市建设等领域的研究重点之一。界定极端润湿表面的一种方法为接触角的测量,因此获得更高精度的接触角对极端润湿表面工程具有重要意义。讨论了在超亲水薄膜表面提高接触角精度的3种算法,包括量高法、圆拟合法及椭圆拟合法,结果显示接触角在接近0°时通过圆拟合算法能够提高计算精度。     

Observations on the behaviour of the Cape girdled lizard Cordylus cordylus (Reptilia: Cordylidae)

Cape girdled lizards Cordylus cordylus are social and territorial. Behaviour observed in captivity revealed at least 24 distinct postures and displays. Thermoregulatory behaviour was the most frequent of all behaviours observed (66·7%). Of the social behaviours, aggression was observed most frequently (72·1%). Six behavioural postures are not known to have been described before. This species has no bright colours or contrasting markings to use in displays to conspecifics.     

How Stomaphis aphids use their giant proboscides

To penetrate tree bark, arboreal aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walk. (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) have proboscides up to three times their body length. Our observations of S. quercus (L.) complement a recent analysis of the anatomy and function of these mouthparts by clarifying how these relatively short-legged aphids move their proboscides between the resting position, pointing back, and the prognathous working position. The absence of crumenae in Stomaphis aphids and their feeding technique are discussed.     

Reproductive ecology of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) in an urban forest of the Central Andes of Colombia

Population and reproductive behaviour aspects of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon are well known for populations from Central America, but similar information is lacking for populations from South America. We recorded the reproductive ecology of a population of the glass frog E. prosoblepon in the city of Armenia, Central Andes of Colombia. With weekly surveys with mark-recapture between December 2013 and November 2015, we monitored activity patterns and evaluated if the probability of males mating is associated to their body size or to chorus tenure (i.e. the number of nights a same individual is calling for attracting a mate). In addition, upon observing an amplexus, we recorded the behaviour of the individuals until oviposition and noted characteristics of egg clutch. We recorded 47 males and 32 females, nine amplexus events, eight ovipositions, and 21 egg clutches (35.4 ± 4.79 eggs per clutch, N = 29). Activity of males and females and the number of egg clutches were positively correlated to rainfall. Mating success of males was not associated to their body size, but it was positively associated to longer chorus tenure; clutches from large females had a higher number of eggs than clutches from small females. Oviposition occurred on average 3.76 ± 1.74 hours after we first observed the amplexus, occurring 93.1% of the time in fronds of Selaginella geniculata at an average height of 1.58 ± 0.44 m. After the oviposition, the male left the site, while the female remained between 30 and 45 min, partially covering the eggs. The reproductive behaviour of E. prosoblepon did not vary widely between a population in Costa Rica and our population in time to oviposition, and mating success of males associated to chorus tenure; however, in our study population we recorded a larger clutch size and the preference for S. geniculata fronds as oviposition substrate.     

Two nesting behaviours and life history of a subsocial African dungrolling beetle,Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Nesting behaviour of a large-sized dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus (Gerstaecker), was observed at the Tsavo West National Park, south-eastern Kenya. Although this species is taxonomically a member of a dung-roller group (that is, subfamily Scarabaeinae), it had not only a rolling behaviour but also a tunneller behaviour for nesting. In the former case, the scarab rolled a chunk or a ball of dung some distance (0·5–15·5m) away from the dung pat and buried it under the ground. In the latter case, it dug a tunnel near the dung pat (0–1 m) and transported several pieces of dung into the burrow. In both cases, brood nests were completed by a female alone or by male-female co-operation. Four days after dung burial, the female made one to four brood balls out of buried dung, in each of which she deposited an egg. On the other hand, the male left the nest soon after the female completed oviposition. Even after oviposition, the female stayed in the nest and cared for her progeny until they emerged. This indicates that S. catenatus is subsocial. A major source of offspring mortality was likely to be predation by driver ants (Dorylus sp.). Most females seemed to breed one time in each of two or more successive rainy seasons.