紫外光引发的玉米淀粉在软材料表面的改性

以玉米淀粉作为改性剂、二苯甲酮（BP）做光引发剂对聚合物材料表面进行紫外光偶合反应,用X-射线电子能谱(XPS)、水接触角(CA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性后的聚合物表面进行了结构和性能表征。结果表明,玉米淀粉被固定到CPP膜表面的最佳条件为0.03g/L玉米淀粉、1.0g/L BP、12.0mW/cm²光强和8min光照时间。玉米淀粉改性后的CPP膜的接触角可由105.0°变为66.3°。随着玉米淀粉的初始浓度的增加,改性CPP膜的表面水接触角先随之下降然后略有上升;延长光照时间和增加光强均会使玉米淀粉改性的CPP膜的表面水接触角随之下降。玉米淀粉改性后的CPP膜的表面形成了一定规则形状的颗粒结构。     

Reverberation nulling and echo enhancement at low frequency using waveguide invariance

Based on the fact that the transfer function vector between a source receiver array and the dominant scatterer of boundary reverberation at a range can be obtained from the corresponding reverberations scattered from this range cell, a reverberation nulling concept using time reversal processing has been proposed. However, current reverberation nulling methods have certain limitations when applied into practice, which would null boundary reverberation and target echo simultaneously. As a solution, a passive reverberation nulling and echo enhancement method at low frequency using waveguide invariance is proposed in this paper. In this method, the reverberation subspace for the target range cell is not obtained directly from the return signals scattered by the target range cell but from the return signals scattered by a range cell located before the target using waveguide invariance, so as to suppress the reverberation embodied in the target echo by passive reverberation nulling. Besides, a range-dependent optimal weighting vector rather than conventional projector matrix is deduced to null the reverberation component meanwhile maximizing the target echo, thereby enhancing the echo-to-reverberation ratio furthest. Numerical simulations in typical range-independent shallow water environment demonstrate the efficacy and the improved performance of the proposed method for echo-to-reverberation enhancement.     

燃烧源PM2.5微粒润湿性能

利用W ashburn动态渗透压力法研究了燃煤电厂与垃圾焚烧发电厂PM2.5微粒的润湿性能及其与微粒形态和组分的关系,并考察了添加润湿剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、JFC、FS-310、Silanol w22)对水润湿燃烧源PM2.5的改善作用.利用扫描电镜和X-射线能谱分析了微粒的形态和化学组分.结果表明:微粒的形态和组分对润湿性能有较大影响,垃圾焚烧发电厂PM2.5微粒的水润湿性能优于燃煤电厂PM2.5;不同润湿剂改善燃烧源PM2.5微粒润湿性的效果与微粒特性密切相关,SDS,Silanol w22可明显改善燃煤电厂PM2.5微粒的润湿性能,而FS-310,JFC则对垃圾焚烧电厂PM2.5微粒有显著改善作用;研究结果可为利用蒸汽相变提高燃烧源PM2.5脱除效果及湿法除尘提供重要基础.     

时间反演联合接收端人工噪声的安全传输方案

针对时间反演(time reversal, TR)技术无法较好地解决聚焦区内非法用户窃听的问题,提出了一种TR技术联合接收端人工噪声的物理层安全传输方案。首先,利用时间反演技术的空时聚焦性提高合法用户接收端的信噪比(signal to noise ratio, SNR)。其次,通过在接收端加入人工噪声来干扰非法用户对合法用户保密信息的窃听,以聚焦区内外系统安全性能为基础,推导出保密信干噪比(signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR)、可达保密速率和误码率(bit error rate, BER)的解析表达式。最后,通过仿真分析证明了所提方案能提高系统的SINR和可达保密速率,同时还能降低合法用户的BER,使系统拥有更好的安全性能。     

基于等效单自由度体系的结构滞回耗能估计

提出了研究单自由度体系和多自由度体系在地震作用下耗能关系的重要意义;建立了结构的等效单自由度体系能量方程,得出与原多自由度体系滞回耗能及变形能关系公式,据此提出了基于等效单自由度体系的多自由度结构体系总滞回耗能估计方法.分别对质量为均匀分布,楼层剪切强度和剪切刚度为均匀及不均匀分布的8幢5层剪切型多自由度体系和其等效单自由度体系输入典型地震动,计算滞回耗能及变形能,并将计算结果进行比较分析.结果表明,通过等效单自由度体系来估计剪切型多自由度体系的滞回耗能,是一种计算简便且较为准确的方法.     

界面反应及界面张力对Sn-Zn-Bi焊料润湿性的影响

通过合金化的方式得到了Sn-Zn-Bi三元及Sn-Zn-Bi-Nd四元无铅焊料,采用润湿平衡法测量了其润湿力和润湿时间,并对润湿后的焊料/Cu界面组织进行了分析.结果表明:Bi元素不参与焊料/Cu界面的扩散反应,但能够通过吸附作用降低界面张力,从而提高焊料在Cu基底上的润湿力;Zn元素优先向焊料/Cu界面进行扩散形成Cu5Zn8金属间化合物,且扩散层随焊料中Zn含量的提高而增长,此时固-液界面张力方向发生改变,润湿力提高,但润湿时间延长;Nd元素的作用类似于Bi,既能提高焊料的润湿力,也能够缩短润湿时间,是一种改善Sn-Zn基焊料润湿性的有效元素.     

基于时间反转镜的自适应聚焦仿真研究

为在水下信号检测中消除水声信道的影响,实现最佳聚焦,在分析时间反转自适应聚焦原理的基础上,研究了时间反转镜(TRM)的自适应聚焦现象.在典型的水文条件下进行了TRM自适应聚焦的仿真研究.结果表明:在随机媒质中,TRM利用水声信道的相干多途特性获得聚焦增益,聚焦效果明显优于均匀媒质;聚焦信号的峰值比均匀媒质高23%.     

Sn-Zn基无铅焊接材料的界面反应和润湿性能

总结了近年来Sn-Zn基与不同成分基板的界面反应的研究现状,概括了界面反映的主要生成物是Cu6Sn5和Cu5(Zn,Sn)两种化合物.同时总结了提高Sn-Zn基无铅焊料润湿性能所作的工作,指出在添加剂中加入金属有机物可能会成为提高焊料润湿性能的一个途径.     

Tunable water-based lubrication behavior of alkyl- and fluoroalkyl-silanes

In this paper,we report the tribological properties of self-assembled molecular(SAM) films of fluoroalkylsilanes and non-fluoroalkylsilanes,with different chain-lengths,adsorbed on Si substrate surfaces by covalent bonds.The SAM films were characterized using a universal ball-disk experimental tester in aqueous solutions.The substrate surface was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and the SAM films adsorbed on the Si surfaces were inspected by contact angle measurements and XPS.Lubrication studies revealed that several kinds of fluoroalkylsilanes had similar friction coefficients;the small differences were attributed to the chain flexibility.In contrast,differences in the aqueous lubrication properties of SAM films of non-fluoroalkylsilanes were clearly identified.It is suggested that substitution with fluorine atoms and the surface affinities of fluoroalkylsilanes contributed to redistribution of surface changes,causing variations in lubrication behaviors.     

液态稀土铸铝合金的表面张力、润湿性和附着功

用卧滴法在650～878℃温域内,测定不同稀土(RE)含量的液态ZAlSi9Mg合金的表面张力及对喷涂料钢模壁的润湿性和附着功。随温度升高,合金的表面张力、接触角和附着功呈降低趋势;添加铝液的表面活性元素稀土,含量小于0.45wt％时,熔体的表面张力、润湿性和附着功明显下降。当稀土含量大于0.45％时,附着功、润湿性稍有降低,但表面张力增加。