植物耐旱基因工程研究进展

随着生物技术的发展 ,特别是基因工程技术的迅速发展 ,植物耐旱已从传统的植物生理研究转向分子方向 .目前植物耐旱研究的分子生物学方法主要是基因工程技术 ,包括植物耐旱相关基因的克隆 ,植物水胁迫代谢调节相关基因的分离、鉴定 ,以及通过植物遗传转化改变植物遗传性状———获得稳定的耐旱植株 ,进一步推广生产 .利用植物基因工程技术获得稳定耐旱植株 ,对于干旱地区的农业、生态环境、畜牧业以及城市绿地的改造来说可能又将引起一场新的绿色革命 .     

转基因植物药物的开发研究评述

基因工程的完善与发展为利用转基因植物作为生物反应器来开发与生物转基因植物药物提供了可靠的技术基础，目前已利用转基因植物作为反应器生产出了多种转基因植物药物，其中包括多种药品和疫苗，已有的转基因植物药物的临床实验及国内外的应用表明转基因植物药物安全是可靠的，随着表达效率和遗传稳定性的不断提高，转基因植物药物的开发研究将会在21世纪得到更大的发展。     

转基因植物的生态影响

自从1983年转基因植物诞生以来，至今各种类型的转基因植物进入大田实验已不计其数，很多产物已商品化。作为生物界的新品种，转基因植物在带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益的同时，也带来了潜在的风险。从生态学角度论述了转基因植物所带来的影响及采取相应的措施来加以调控和管理。     

Carbon isotopic records in paleosols over the Pliocene in Northern China: Implication on vegetation development and Tibetan uplift

Carbon isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate can be used to estimate the proportion of C₄ and C₃ plants. Here we present carbon isotopic data of carbonate in a red earth section at Xifeng, central Loess Plateau. Results show that C₄ vegetation increased in ∼4.4 Ma B.P., stabilized between 4.0 and 3.0 Ma B.P. The character and timing of C₄ expansion on the Loess Plateau are similar, but different with other localities, e.g. Pakistan and Africa, implying that regional climate changes were main factors driving the expansion of C₄ plants. This event is comparable in timing with increased aridity evidenced by Xifeng grain size and North Pacific eolian dust records. Therefore we argue that the Pliocene expansion of C₄ plants in northern China might have been caused by the increased aridity, which in turn might be related to rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

衢州珍稀濒危植物区系的研究

调查统计表明,衢州共有野生珍稀濒危植物22种,隶属12科19属,其中国家1级保护植物3种,2级保护植物19种.衢州珍稀濒危植物区系具有种类丰富、过渡性强、成分特有及起源古老等特征.还探讨了它们与邻近地区珍稀植物区系的关系.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

电动给水泵焓升对动力循环经济性的影响

本文从蒸汽动力循环的角度讨论了电动给水泵中水的焓升对循环经济性的影响．根据对泵焓升及其来源的不同的理解，提出了形式不同但本质和计算结果完全一致的经济性指标计算方法。将上述分析结果用于电厂实际循环，给出了电动方式下考虑给水焓升时，机组动力循环的经济性及其它相关参数的计算模型；文中进行了大量的验算工作，充分证明了计算模型的正确性。此外，文中还提出了一些新概念和处理方法．     

人工湿地污染物去除的数学模型

讨论了人工湿地三种常用的数学模型(衰减方程、一级动力学模型和生态动力学模型),并对其研究历史、发展应用、理论基础、基本形式、建立方法及其各自的优缺点做了深入的分析．从中可以看出,人们对人工湿地去除污染物的内在机制尚缺乏定量化的了解,目前还很难对其设计、运行和预测做出准确的评价,因此影响了这一高效低耗的生态污水处理技术的推广和应用,而人工湿地生态动力学模型的不断完善可以从根本上解决这一问题．     

Climate as the dominant control on C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> plant abundance in the Loess Plateau: Organic carbon isotope evidence from the last glacial-interglacial loess-soil sequences

Two modes of photosynthesis predominate in terres-REPORTS trial plants: the C3 and C4 modes[1]. The C3 mode is used by all of trees, bushes, and cold season grasses. The C4 mode is used by the most of tropical and warm season grasses. They are disadvantaged relative to C3 plants at high CO2/O2 ratios because of the additional energy ex-pense needed to concentrate CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells. At low CO2/O2, however, C4 plants can achieve a relatively high quantum yield by suppressin…     

三江平原典型湿地系统湿沉降中氮浓度及沉降量初步研究

2004年7月至2005年6月对三江平原典型湿地系统大气湿沉降的氮浓度及沉降量进行了初步研究。结果表明,各形态氮的月均浓度差别较大且动态变化明显,原因主要与人类活动、降水强度及频次、风向和地理位置有关;各形态氮浓度均存在明显的季节变化,春季最高,秋、冬季次之,夏季最低。春、秋季降水中各形态氮浓度的离散程度较大,原因与降水气团来源复杂性、沙尘和高空污染物输送等因素有关;降水量与各形态氮浓度呈较弱的负相关(p>0.05),NH4 -N与NO3--N、TON呈显著正相关(p<0.05),它们可能具有同源性。NH4 -N与NO3--N的良好相关性与其在液相中的反应有关;生长季降水pH的变化主要与氨挥发有关,非生长季主要与氨挥发减弱、秸秆和化石燃料燃烧以及沙尘输送等因素有关;各形态氮的沉降量具有明显的季节性,春季所占比例最高(4.57kg N/hm2),占60.41%,夏、秋季相近,冬季最低(8.29%);全年TN沉降量为7.57 kgN/hm2,TIN为沉降主体,占84.54%;NH4 -N和NO3--N为TIN沉降主体,分别占TN沉降量的52.58和29.99%。图4,表2,参16。