Novel Amphiphilic Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on PEG-b-GMA-co-MMA

1 Results Gel polymer electrolytes for lithium battery have been widely investigated recently because of their high ion conductivity at room temperature. We synthesized and characterized novel gel electrolytes based on amphiphilic copolymethacrylates containing different lengths of ethylene oxide (EO) chain as ionophilic units and methyl methacrylate (MMA) chain as ionophobic units[1]. Their electrochemical properties were also measured.1H NMR and FTIR analysis results elucidated that PEG-b-glycidyl met...     

Calcium ionophore plus excision induce a large conductance chloride channel in membrane patches of human colon carcinoma cells HT-29cl.19A

In excised inside-out membrane patches of the human colon carcinoma HT-29cl.19A cells a large conductance (373±10 pS) chloride channel was found. Channel activity could only be observed after excision of patches from cells incubated with calcium ionophore. The channel was never observed in cell-attached patches. The channel was strongly voltage dependent, being open only between +30 and –30 mV clamp potentials. The selectivity sequence among anions, deduced from reversal potentials, was I>Br>Cl>F>gluconate. The P_Na/P_Cl was 0.09. Although a similar type of channel, has been described earlier, this is the first report stating its appearance in patches of intestinal epithelial cells requiring the combined action of Ca²⁺ ionophore and excision, suggesting its control by an intracellular compound.     

SOLID-STATE BATTERY WITH POLYACETYLENE ELECTRODE

The Li/LiI/(CHIy)x battery was fabricated by using fast ionic conduclor—LiI as the solid electrolyte has not been reported. The battery exhibited an open circuit voltage of 3.1~v and an initial short circuit of 7ma/cm~2. (CHIy)x can be used in the Li/I_2, battery as the roleof charge transfer complex. Experimental enemy density of 110Wh/kg was obtained based on the weight of (CH)x film (weight of (CH)x electrode: ca. 4mg, doping level:y=0.11).     

氧化钙-氧化锆陶瓷中过剩氧浓度的确定

本文采用吸收-解吸氧的方法测定了CaO-ZrO_2在氧压10~(-8)～1.0大气压范围内的过剩氧浓度,实验研究了影响过剩氧浓度的各种因素:氧压,温度,掺杂氧化物及杂质。结果表明,具有变价的过渡金属氧化物是该材料过剩氧浓度的决定因素。关于电子正孔扑捉模型的假设从实验上得到了证实。在本文条件下电子正孔的扑捉中心是Fe″Z r。过剩氧浓度随温度升高而升高。氧在该陶瓷的溶解热为191 kJ/mole。利用晶体缺陷热力学平衡导出了电子正孔浓度与氧压的依赖关系,在恒温下电子正孔总浓度正比于Po_2~(1/4),理论表达式与实验测量结果一致。本文的发现对于改进固体电解质的响应时间具有重要意义。     

PEO-PAN-PEO三明治结构新型固态聚合物电解质的研究

为了解决聚丙烯腈(PAN)聚合物电解质膜刚性强、界面接触状况差的问题,将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)电解质膜贴合在PAN电解质膜的两侧,形成三明治结构PEO-PAN-PEO新型聚合物电解质复合膜.在高温下PEO层具有的柔性大幅度增加了电极与电解质的接触面积,降低了界面阻抗,成功充当了全固态锂电池的电解质膜.以金属锂为负极、LiFePO4为正极所组装的全固态锂电池在60℃下工况良好,初始放电比容量是153mAh/g,40周容量保持率为87%.     

室温固态电解质催化氧传感技术的研究

利用混合压膜法制作了催化电极。并采用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜作为质子导体，氢气为参比气体，研制了室温固态电解质氧传感器。考察了Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜水含量、电极中Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ含量、温度、催化材料对应答的影响。得出了较佳电池工艺参数，并进一步进行了阴极极化研究，求取了氧阴极还原动力学参数。     

ZX型阻垢剂对食盐电解液蒸发过程的阻垢作用

首次用快速结垢试验研究了高温压煮后的ＺＸ型阻垢剂对食盐电解液蒸发过程的阻垢性能．结果表明，经过１５０℃高温压煮的ＺＸ型阻垢剂对食盐电解液蒸发过程具有明显的阻垢作用，其中以ＺＸⅢ型阻垢剂的阻垢效果最好，阻垢率达８８．３％．最后从理论上分析了ＺＸ型阻垢剂的阻垢机理．     

Na~+-K~+-Cl~--Br~-水溶液体系中活度系数的测定与计算

用离子选择性电极测定了 ＮａＣ１、 ＫＣ１、 ＫＢｒ、 ＮａＣ１－ＫＣ１、 ＫＣ１－ＫＢｒ和ＮａＣ１－ＫＢｒ水溶液中的电动势，温度为 １０、 ２５、 ３５和 ４５℃，从而求出在上述３个混合电解质溶液中 ＫＣ１、 ＮａＣ１和 ＫＢｒ的活度系数，并将自行改进的 Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ－Ｌｉ方程用于此混合电解质溶液，取得了良好的结果。     

椰壳类活性炭高温改性及吸附铝电解质熔盐中K~+的性能

利用SEM,ASAP2000M和FTIR对高温改性前后的椰壳活性炭的表面性能进行检测分析,并通过吸附铝电解质熔盐中K~+的实验对吸附动力学过程进行分析,研究高温改性对活性炭表面性能的影响和高温改性后活性炭吸附熔盐中K~+的性能.表面性能检测的分析结果表明,活性炭经过高温改性后比表面积由918 m~2/g提升至2 544 m~2/g,表面孔径分布得到优化,并且具有去除表面杂质的作用;同时,高温改性前后活性炭的表面官能团种类没有发生明显变化,说明高温改性后的活性炭能够在铝电解质熔盐中保持稳定的结构.吸附实验数据的分析结果表明,活性炭在铝电解质熔盐中吸附K~+的过程符合准二级动力学模型;并且,经35 min后达到吸附平衡,K~+最大吸附量为20.8 mg/g.     

Effect of Electrolyte Impurities within Starch on the Adhesion of Quaternary Ammofiium Starch to Fibers

Influences of some electrolyte impurities within starch and starch cationization on the adhesion of quaternary ammonium cornstarch to cotton and polyester fibers were investigated. The electrolytes considered included NaCI, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4. The adhesion to fibers was evaluated in terms of maximum strength and work-to-break of the roving sized with the starch pastes containing electrolytes. It was found that the cationization showed a positive effect on the adhesion to both fibers whereas the electrolytes gave an adverse effect and reduced the adhesion. The adverse effect depends on the type and amount of electrolytes. The influence of electrolytes on the adhesion can be ranked in a series of NaH2PO4〉 Na2 HPO4〉 Na2SO4 〉 NaCl. The adhesion enhances as the modification extent increases and the electrolyte content decreases. Furthermore, the adverse effect can be compensated by the positive effect of the starch modification even at a low modification extent. If the electrolytes are fully eliminated, the cationic starch can increase the adhesion strength by more than 10% for both fibers.