老挝克木族铜鼓铸造工艺初探

采用文献法和实地调查法对老挝克木鼓进行了调查,共搜集到64面克木鼓的资料,对这些铜鼓实物进行了铸造技术的分析,并实地调查了失蜡法铸造铜鼓的工艺.认为克木鼓属黑格尔Ⅲ型鼓,其铸造工艺为失蜡法.鼓面立体蛙饰、鼓耳和鼓面中心的光体先制成蜡模,然后粘贴到铜鼓蜡模上,再与铜鼓一起浇注而成,浇注口可能设在鼓足处.其他纹饰则采用了印痕法和滚压法,雕刻法只用于修补鼓上模糊的纹饰.制造纹饰精美、鼓壁薄且较均匀的铜鼓,铸造者在造型设计、合金配比和金属熔炼等方面都需要有丰富的经验.     

油藏原油中石蜡沉淀的模型化研究

考核了正规溶液理论、聚合物溶液理论和状态方程法计算石蜡沉淀的热力学模型 ,并进行了实例计算。计算结果表明 ,对于高压下的油藏流体及油罐油 ,采用状态方程法较适合。在所选用的 4个状态方程中 ,PT和DG状态方程计算精度较高 ,PT方程的稳定性最佳。     

广西白蜡生产失败原因剖析

广西白蜡生产失败的主要原因是，首先，年降雨量超过１５５２ｍｍ，间接或直接地引起大批白蜡虫死亡；其次，对白蜡虫具有毁灭性的白蜡虫寄生蜂不采取任何防治措施，致使种虫寄生率高达９２．９％。因此，白蜡生产遭受失败。广西气候多种多样，年降雨量、在１５５２ｍｍ以下有２２个县，发展白蜡生产是有潜力的，可逐步恢复和发展白蜡生产。     

Insect behavior at the leaf surface and learning as aspects of host plant selection

Summary Direct observations on the feeding behavior of insect herbivores are uncommon, but important. The important aspects of host-plant selection by phytophagous insects that have been revealed by such observations are the role of chemicals in the leaf surface, and learning. There are few detailed reports of behavior at the leaf surface, but these indicate that many, if not all, insects exhibit behavior pattenrs that can be interpreted as an examination of the quality of the surface and acceptance or rejection may follow without further testing. A number of experiments show that chemicals from the leaf surface commonly contribute to the acceptability or otherwise of a plant and in most cases so far the active chemicals are of widespread occurrence, not having a specific association with the host plant. Some experiments show that the association between surface chemicals and plant palatability is learned, but in other cases there is evidence of an innate response. Habituation to deterrent chemicals has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in the field. Food aversion learning also occurs and may be important in dietary switching by polyphagous insects.     

耐火材料新型脱模剂的研制

本文介绍了采用石蜡为主要原料制备用于耐火材料新型脱模剂的配方、工艺,并对其应用及影响因素进行了讨论.     

苯丙乳液-石蜡-凹凸棒石包膜尿素的制备

文章研究利用苯丙乳液、石蜡和凹凸棒石粉末作为包膜材料,制成不同包膜剂用量、不同包膜厚度的18种复合包膜尿素,通过溶解实验和浸泡实验,研究了所制备的包膜尿素在水中的溶解特征.结果表明,包膜效果最好的3种包膜尿素产品Ⅰ (BcX)、产品Ⅱ(CbX)、产品Ⅲ(CcX)对尿素态氮的释放有明显的控释作用,苯丙乳液-石蜡-凹凸棒石...     

抽油机井化学防蜡方式优化

原油中所含的石蜡,它能够形成大晶块蜡,是造成蜡沉积而导致油井堵塞的主要原因。目前国内油田大多采用化学药剂清、防蜡技术,热力清蜡等技术。清防蜡作为油井日常维护的重要工作耗费了大量的人力物力。化学药剂清、防蜡作为油井最主要的清防蜡措施,对于油井的清防蜡效果起着至关重要的作用。因此,优化油井加药方式、提高化学清防蜡的措施效果,对于油井的正常生产将起着积极的指导意义。     

大庆原油加剂前后的蜡晶分形特性研究

针对蜡晶颗粒定性描述存在的不确定性问题,探讨了蜡晶形态的定量表征方法,提出基于蜡晶体积特征的粒度分布分形模型。以大庆南三联原油和林源原油为研究对象,采用流变学测试法与影像分析技术,测试它们加剂前后的析蜡过程及粘温特性;采用NcMiVnt图像分析软件,处理试样析蜡过程中的蜡晶形态图像,确定蜡晶粒度分布分形维数;进而分析温度与流动改进剂对原油蜡晶分形特性的影响。结果表明,基于蜡晶颗粒体积特征的分形模型可定量表征蜡晶形态;两种原油加剂前后的蜡晶分形维数随温度降低而增大,其析蜡量及蜡晶颗粒数量一般随之增加,宏观表现为原油低温流动性变差;两种原油加剂后的蜡晶分形维数明显增大,而蜡晶颗粒数量大幅减少,宏观上呈现出原油低温流动性提高。     

Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs to long chain aldehydes and alcohols

Summary The properties of enzymatic systems involved in the synthesis of long chain aldehydes and alcohols have been reviewed. Fatty acid and acyl-CoA reductases are widely distributed and generate fatty alcohols for ether lipid and was ester synthesis as well as fatty aldehydes for bacterial bioluminescence. Fatty alcohol is generally the major product of fatty acid reduction in crude or membrane systems, although reductases which release fatty aldehydes as products have also been purified. The reduction of fatty acid proceeds through the ATP-dependent formation of acyl intermediates such as acyl-CoA and acyl protein, followed by reduction to aldehyde and alcohol with NAD(P)H. In most cases, both the rate of fatty acid conversion and acyl chain specificity of the reaction are determined at the level of reduction of the intermediate. The reduction of fatty acids represents the major pathway for the control of the synthesis of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. Several other enzymatic reactions involved in lipid degradation also release fatty aldehydes but do not apear to play an important role in long chain alcohol synthesis.     

雄白蜡虫Ericerus pe-la(Chavannes)的研究

报道雄白蜡虫的生物生态学特性．分析不同产地白蜡虫雄虫的泌蜡能力与生态环境的关系．结果表明，雄虫泌蜡能力与繁育它的栖息地的生态条件密切相关．