"软工程"战略与西北干旱半干旱区水资源的合理利用

在简述了西北干旱半干旱区水资源特点与问题的基础上,分析了水资源浪费的主要原因,提出了水资源合理利用的“软工程”战略及其具体措施,强调从改善水资源环境,建立节水型社会及治理水土流失等方面来利用与配置干旱半干旱区的水资源。     

Supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series

In order to discuss the supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series, measurements have been conducted with ICP-MS method for the contents of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au and Ag in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the supergene leached jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the pyrite-rich black shale ore and in the water of pit, well and stream of the mining area near Zhongnan Village, Zunyi District of Guizhou Province. The temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen of the water were also measured. The pit water is acidic with high electrical conductivity and low dissolved oxygen. The total content of platinum group elements in the primary pyrite-rich black shale ore is only 1/13 of that in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore. The Ag content in the former is only a half of that in the latter while the Au contents in the two kinds of ores are almost the same. Being leached under supergene condition, the contents of most of the noble metal elements except Au in the jordisite-rich black shale ore greatly decrease; the leaching rates of Rh, Pd, Pt, the total platinum group elements and Ag reach as high as 66.72%～74.79%, revealing that under supergene condition, platinum group elements and Ag can migrate along with water; the ratios of Ag/Au, Pd/Ru, Pt/Ir and(Pt+Pd)/(Ru+Rh+Ir) are remarkably decreased, displaying that Pt and Pd relative to Ru, Rh and Ir, Ag relative to Au bear more active mobility. The noble metal elements in the black rock series near Zhongnan Village might be mobilized and migrate under the procession of "cold water" rich in [SO4]2- with pH value being about 2.4 at a temperature below 50 ℃.     

用FoxPro编程建立湿空气状态参数表

目前在空调专业各种教材及设计手册中,有关湿空气的各项状态参数,都是以“焓湿图”的形式给出,查看时既不方便又不精确。本运用FoxPro编程方法,将“焓湿图”变换成“湿空气状态参数表”。     

分质分区供水的必要性和可行性研究

在分析自来水的潜在危害、家用净水器及长期饮用纯净水的不足的基础上 ,提出了分质分区供水的构想 ,探讨了分质供水、分区供水的技术保障 ,并进行了分质分区供水的经济效益分析。     

稠化胶体防灭火特性实验研究

针对煤层自燃火灾的特点,研制出XK2-PR型稠化胶体,通过对XK2-PR型稠化胶体的配方、成胶机理、胶体性质及其影响因素的实验研究与分析,得出XK2-PR型稠化胶体具有一定的强度、渗透性、蠕变性、粘弹性,对水质依赖性小,耐酸碱,溶解速度可调,脱水很慢,有效期较长和灭火时不会产生水蒸汽等优良的防灭火特性.     

平面流分离循环流化床锅炉改造及其运行

出力不够是20世纪90年代初投运的第一代中国产循环流化床锅炉的主要问题。为改善75t/h平面流分离循环床锅炉的性能,在原分离器的位置空间采用入口带有加速段的方型分离器代替平面流分离器,适当调整受热面,保留现有炉型和钢构架。改造后的运行实践证明,锅炉出力可以稳定达到额定值,物料循环系统工作正常,主循环回路温度分布合理,改造是成功的。     

耐水性水玻璃复合涂料的研制

采用适量氟硅酸钠改性剂和有机胺促进剂对基料水玻璃进行改性,协调粘性,耐水性和凝胶时间的相互关系,以磷酸,氧化硅氧化锌,铝盐,钙盐及钡盐等为原料制备磷硅酸盐固化和固化剂促进水玻璃的聚合和二氧化硅凝胶的缩合,拼用苯丙乳液作为辅助成膜物质。然后利用正交法优选配方,制得耐水性良好,附着力强的水玻璃复合涂料,它具有成本低廉,不污染环境和耐老化等特点,可应用于防火涂料和外墙涂料上。     

青弋江芜湖段水污染物特征分析

用逐步回归方法确定了青弋江芜湖段主要污染物之间的定量关系。统计分析了ＣＯＤ随流量的变化规律,证明在６０ｍ＾３／Ｓ流量（顺流平均流量）时污染浓度最高。     

有无植物条件下明渠水流紊动特性对比

在可变坡水槽中，模拟了带枝杈植物对明渠水流的干扰作用，借助超声多普勒流速仪（ADV）测量了不同水深下垂线不同测点的瞬时流速，计算了各测点的三维时均流速、脉动强度及雷诺应力等紊动参数，通过与无植物干扰的明渠均匀流紊动特性进行对比，分析植物对水流紊动参数的影响规律。试验结果表明：在有植物明渠水流中，时均流速呈三区分布特征；脉动强度及雷诺应力均在植物顶部附近出现最大值；脉动强度明显增大，在3个方向上趋于接近；可以用植物顶部以上的雷诺应力分布推求摩阻流速。     

Predictivism and the periodic table

This is a comment on the paper by Barnes (2005) and the responses from Scerri (2005) and Worrall (2005), debating the thesis (‘predictivism’) that a fact successfully predicted by a theory is stronger evidence than a similar fact known before the prediction was made. Since Barnes and Scerri both use evidence presented in my paper on Mendeleev’s periodic law (Brush, 1996) to support their views, I reiterate my own position on predictivism. I do not argue for or against predictivism in the normative sense that philosophers of science employ, rather I describe how scientists themselves use facts and predictions to support their theories. I find wide variations, and no support for the assumption that scientists use a single ‘Scientific Method’ in deciding whether to accept a proposed new theory.