Preliminary study on land surface characteristics over Huaihe River Basin

The analysis of the flux observation dada from the Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) shows that, in semi-humid monsoon regions, latent heat flux is as important as sensible heat flux in most situations. Moreover, it can even dominate the sensible heat flux in cropland and paddy field. This is distinct from that for arid and semi-arid regions where the sensible heat flux is dominant. Under clear sky conditions, the soil temperatures in different vertical layers all exhibit certain diurnal variations, and the magnitude decreases with depth to less than 1°C at a depth of 60 cm. This depth is considered as the transition layer for the soil moisture variation. On the other hand, the vertical profile of soil water content varies with the soil texture and even weather conditions, and the layer with maximum soil water content can also be found in Jiangji station during June 1998.     

Influence of Reaction Parameters on Water Absorbency of Starch Grafted Superabsorbents

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｔａｒｃｈｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｓｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｎｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｗｉｎｄｌｉｎｇｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｓｏｆｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ ,ｔｈｅｕｓａｇｅｏｆｓｔａｒｃｈｗｉｄｅｌｙｓｐｒｅａｄｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｉｅｌｄｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｓｔａｒｃｈ ｓａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｓｔ.Ｇｒａｆｔｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｄｉｕｍａｃｒｙｌａｔｅｏｎｔｏｓｔａｒｃ…     

Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

<正> Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.     

飞来峡水利枢纽防洪调度对佛山市水情预报的影响

通过分析佛山市防洪的水文特征，提出了飞来峡水利枢纽建成后，因放闸流量的不可预见期，将对西、北江中下游佛山市的水情预报造成影响。     

阜阳市地表水水质分析

根据阜阳主要交通水系的基本特征,对城区各骨干河段地表水水质在 PH 值、COD、DO、氨氮、TP 等方面进行了水质检测和评价,结果表明各河水体已受到不同程度污染,并结合实际分析了污染原因。     

泵送高强粉煤灰混凝土的研制

通过掺加减水剂，调整水灰比等途径配制了泵送高强粉煤灰混凝土，并力求加在粉煤灰掺量以降低混凝土成本，介绍了泵送混凝土配合比，分析讨论了泵送高强粉煤灰混凝土的性能。     

坚硬煤层注水预裂水压力计算

主要运用有效应力原理及断裂力学推导了煤层注水所需的最小注水压力,初步探讨了多组裂隙同时存在对煤层最小注水压力影响的计算方法,并分析了影响倾斜坚硬煤层注水压力的因素,指出了注水压力与煤层倾角及埋藏深度之间的关系,其理论结果与现场相符。     

南水北调中线工程水量调度仿真系统研究

采用面向对象的建模方法与仿真技术，建立南水北调中线工程系统仿真模型，开发系统仿真试验平台，借助该平台模拟水量调度过程，可合理充分地利用各种水资源，实现水资源的优化配置，为决策部门提供有效可靠的参考方案，通过系统的仿真试验，近期调水方案能够较好地解决华北地区的缺水问题。     

筛管砾石充填井筒附近压降计算方法

认识到套管射孔砾石充填井井筒附近压降发生在 3个流动区域内 ,近井地带向射孔炮眼的汇聚流动区域 ,炮眼内砾石层的线性流动区域以及筛套环空砾石层中的发散流动区域 .以 Bernoulli压降方程为基础导出了计算向炮眼的汇聚流产生的压降的新方法 .以 Forchheimer方程为基础导出了筛套环空锥形发散流的压降简化计算公式 .结果表明 :井筒附近压降主要发生在汇聚流区域和炮眼内砾石层 ,而环空砾石层的压降相对较小 ;射孔参数及砾石渗透率是影响砾石充填井井筒附近压降的主要因素 ,砾石充填井应采用孔径大于 1 5 mm,孔密 30孔 / m左右的参数射孔 ,砾石层渗透率至少应保持在 30～ 40 μm2以上 .     

有机硅固砂剂在河南油田的开发与应用

为了克服河南油田地层胶结疏松及经过钻井、采油等作业过程对地层的激励作用而引起的地层出砂 ,开发研究了有机硅高温固砂剂 ,并在河南油田井楼、古城两个稠油油田 1 0口井进行了现场应用 .结果表明 :该剂在 2 0 0℃以上固化的岩心可耐 35 0℃以上的高温 ,抗折强度大于 3.0 MPa,抗压强度大于 8.9MPa,单井有效期平均长达 3个月 .现场使用结果证明该固砂剂效果良好 ,可以推广使用