生态弹性填料及陶粒在微污染水体处理中的应用研究

生态弹性填料是一种模拟天然水草形态加工而成的新型水处理材料，近年来在污水处理中得到了广泛应用。其具有比表面积大、去除有机物容积负荷高、生物附着性好、空隙可变、不易堵塞、适应性强、操作管理简便等优点；陶粒具有较高的孔隙率及适中的密度，所有这些都有利于微生物的生长。本文采用人工湿地作为构筑物对崇明前卫生态村中心湖的水体进行处理，结果表明，经此工艺处理后的水体，CODCr、TP、TN、氨氮等指标达到或优于国家三类水质标准。并为工程实施提供了科学依据。     

活性炭和活性炭纤维在高压脉冲放电水处理中催化作用的对比研究

对脉冲流光放电与活性炭或活性炭纤维联合处理废水时活性炭和活性炭纤维的催化作用进行了研究。结果表明：脉冲流光放电与活性炭或活性炭纤维联合处理，降解率分别提高22％和24％，说明联合处理过程具有协同效应。与吸附饱和的活性炭或活性炭纤维联合处理，降解率分别提高12．25％和16．7％，说明活性炭和活性炭纤维在联合处理过程中起催化作用。联合处理过程中加入H2O2不但提高了O3和UV的利用率，而且还提高了活性炭和活性炭纤维的再生率。     

水质检测在仪器分析开放实验教学改革中的应用

针对仪器分析学科发展的现状,结合实验教学的实际,联合污水处理厂开发设计水质检测仪器分析的开放实验,从实验教学内容、教学空间、教学过程及思维等方面对实验课程进行改革,提高学生实验的主动性与积极性,加强培养学生实验操作技能及科学素养,取得了较好的教学效果.     

The reproductive ecology of Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura,Leptodactylidae): new data from natural temporary ponds in the Brazilian Cerrado and a review throughout its distribution

Recent studies indicate that populations historically called Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) comprise at least three well‐differentiated lineages. Herein, we describe the reproductive ecology of a southeastern clade population of L. fuscus, and review the characters of the reproductive ecology for several populations of the northern and southeastern clades. Most reproductive activity occurred in December and January, which coincided with the highest rainfall period. Males had an aggregated spatial distribution in the central area of the ponds. Three courtship interactions were observed. A female was observed closing the entrance to a burrow with moist sand after oviposition. This behaviour is described for the first time in L. fuscus. The review of the reproductive biology of the northern and southeastern clades indicates a relatively high plasticity in L. fuscus. Furthermore, the results corroborate the suggestion, based on molecular data, that the northern and southeastern clades of L. fuscus represent distinct evolutionary units.     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

微溶弱酸盐在纯水中溶解度的计算

本文研究了微溶弱酸盐的溶度积及弱酸的离解常数对微溶弱酸盐在纯水中溶解度的影响，分三种情况讨论了微溶弱酸盐溶解度的近似计算方法。     

清代皖西引种玉米甘薯史实及其检讨

明中叶后,美洲的玉米与甘薯越过大洋,先后来到中国安家落户,也走进皖西淮河、长江支流的一处处谷地和上游大别山区的高山腹地。玉米和甘薯是比较典型的旱粮作物,它们不太苛刻的种植条件带来了两种作物的极度扩张,从而为中国人的食物结构加进了新元素,从根本上改变了种植地民众食物不足的困境,尤其是解决了山区越冬食物不足和春荒的困难。但何炳棣"整体史学"的思维告诉我们,玉米和甘薯的引种,也带来了人口的激增;涌向山地的农民由于缺乏山地耕作的经验,又造成了水土流失和环境危急的日益严重。当然,只要能采取波伦式谨慎选择的态度,玉米和甘薯基本上是个好东西。历史的启示是,人类与自然之间只能走一条"共同进化"的路。     

东莞水价听证的困惑与破解

水价听证是调整水价的一种比较好的形式，但在实践中仍有不少尚待解决的问题。本文分析了东莞水价听证中老百姓存在的困惑，并提出了相应的对策措施。     

大学生体质测试系统应用于专业运动领域探讨——以四川省女子水球代表队的应用为例

应用大学生体质监测系统对四川女子水球队现役队员进行体质监测,并对不同位置球员的各项指标进行对比。结果发现:(1)中锋身高、体重及身体成分体重等指标均显著高于外线球员,台阶试验得分显著低于外线球员;(2)中锋反应时、体重等指标显著高于守门员,横向滑动次数显著低于守门员;(3)外线球员的身高显著低于守门员,反应时显著高于守门员。因此,大学生体质测试仪器可应用于专业运动领域,教练员可根据测试结果选择运动员、制定技战术。     

土坡稳定分析的三种方法

本文对斜坡稳定分析中常用的瑞典圆弧法、简化Bishop法和Janbu法进行了理论上和计算上的比较,探讨Janbu法中推力线位置的假设、地震荷载以及孔隙压力系数B对斜坡安全系数的影响。