RZWQM模型介绍及其应用进展

首先总述了美国RZWQM的研制过程、模拟功能以及模拟的流程,随后分别介绍了RZWQM 6个主要过程:物理过程、土壤化学过程、养分过程、杀虫剂过程、作物生长过程和管理过程;讨论了模型应用过程的注意事项,并探讨了RZWQM98新版本特征;最后对RZWQM模型的应用进展进行了综述,认为RZWQM在模拟作物生长和水分、养分和杀虫剂在作物根区内的运移是很有用的工具。     

基于Monte Carlo仿真的随机S曲线研究

PB-S曲线是随项目进展变化的累计预算成本曲线和累计工期曲线,它综合考察了成本、工期和项目进展百分比三个变量之间的关系.SS曲线提供了与各个项目进展百分比对应的累计预算成本和累计工期的概率分布.采用Monte Carlo仿真和统计分析方法,结合一个费用和时间随机分布的网络计划,详细研究了PB-S曲线和SS曲线的仿真建模和统计分析过程.进一步,基于SS曲线,考察了费用偏差和进度偏差的统计特征,为项目绩效的预测和监测提供更详细的偏差信息.同时针对均值曲线作为基准计划曲线的局限性,提出了两种新方法用于选择一定置信度要求的PB-S曲线作为项目的基准计划曲线.     

Power-Based Arbitrary Decisional Actions in the Resolution of MIS Project Issues: A Project Manager's Action Research Perspective

As a management information systems (MIS) project manager and an action researcher, the author examined, over time, the influence on information system development (ISD) of the informal sociopolitical organizational actions. The paper reports two cases of action research findings concerning the effect on ISD project implementation processes of power-based arbitrary decisional actions in bureaucratic environments. The research focused on the relationship of such unilateral actions to the interconnected subprocesses of deliberate and conscious attempts by the ISD project members to define and resolve system implementation issues. A suggested conceptual framework for the issue-resolution processes (IRP's) and obstacle-coping processes (OCP's) is based on the author's IRP/OCP-related behavioral constructs and theoretical models dealing with soft-systems issues, especially appreciative system theory and soft-systems methodology, and innovative flexible, "complementarist" (Sinn, 1998) or pluralist problem-solving approaches.     

风险项目投资决策与实物期权估价方法

讨论了实物期权的存在对风险项目投资决策的影响,分析传统的净现值方法与期权方法的联系,提出基于期权定价方法的改进净现值模型,并通过一个扩大投资问题研究了成长期权的价值。     

二维浅水波方程的非结构网格TVD型有限体积法

考虑二维浅水波方程及其离散方法,对非结构三角形网格给出了TVD型有限体积法.在离散单元对物理量作单调线性重构函数,通过选择不同的数值流函数,构造了两种复合型有限体积格式;时间离散采用二阶Runge-Kutta方法.对二维溃坝问题及非平底部溃坝问题进行数值模拟,结果表明,两种方法精度高且稳定,可以处理具有任意水下地形的二维浅水波问题.     

宁夏银北灌区水资源优化配置模型及应用

以宁夏银北灌区为例,基于大系统分解协调原理建立了地表水地下水联合运用的递阶优化模型.子系统优化模型采用增量动态规划法求解,协调层利用目标协调法和关联预估法实现全局最优,获得不同约束方案下的时段最优引黄水量、井灌水量、井排水量和运行费用.所建模型及求解方法弥补了以往水资源配置模型只考虑地下水垂向运动,忽略水平运动的不足, 改善了模型的仿真性和决策的可靠性.     

Action Research for Sustainable Water Futures in Western Sydney: Reaching Beyond Traditional Stakeholder Engagement to Understand Community Stakeholder Language and Its Implications for Action

Action on issues of ecological significance often requires changes in personal behaviour and political consensus on technologies to support these changes. Unfortunately, many consultation processes only engage a narrow range of stakeholders, usually those professionally engaged or already active on a range of community issues. This paper illustrates how people who are ‘hard to reach’ or seen as ‘apathetic’ might be engaged using ‘action-conversations’ that explore the social climate for action and how scientific/technical messages can be framed in the language of the community.     

Memetic algorithm for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems

A memetic algorithm （MA） for a multi-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem （MRCPSP） is proposed. We use a new fitness function and two very effective local search procedures in the proposed MA. The fitness function makes use of a mechanism called ＂strategic oscillation＂ to make the search process have a higher probability to visit solutions around a ＂feasible boundary＂. One of the local search procedures aims at improving the lower bound of project makespan to be less than a known upper bound, and another aims at improving a solution of an MRCPSP instance accepting infeasible solutions based on the new fitness function in the search process. A detailed computational experiment is set up using instances from the problem instance library PSPLIB. Computational results show that the proposed MA is very competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The MA obtains improved solutions for one instance of set J30.     

研发项目产品与流程架构的跨领域集成与优化

为揭示复杂产品开发项目中部件间的依赖关系对活动的影响,本文采用多领域矩阵（MDM）分析产品与流程架构之间的依赖关系,并对研发项目中的产品架构与流程架构进行集成及其优化. 首先,依据产品设计结构矩阵（DSM）中部件间的依赖度及部件与活动之间的耦合关系,本文提出了由产品DSM建立流程DSM的方法,构建了由部件依赖度测度活动之间依赖度的量化模型. 其次,提出了基于依赖度平均增量的产品DSM聚类方法,因此,由MDM推导的流程DSM形成若干的活动组,降低了管理的复杂性. 最后,结合典型案例,在产品DSM聚类的基础上,对初始的流程DSM以最小化项目总协调成本进行排序优化,并对优化结果进行仿真,结果表明本文提出的方法可降低项目时间和成本.     

基于强互惠理论的漳河流域跨界水资源冲突水量协调方案设计

水量的分配方案在一定程度上影响因水量短缺引发的跨界水资源冲突的发展进程.从政府强互惠的角度入手,设计水量协调方案,寻求漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的协调途径是一个新的视角.基于这一思想,从政府的强互惠政策角度对漳河流域跨界水资源冲突系 统建模,从经济效益和社会效益两方面建立政府Agent和用水Agent 的目标函数,以强互惠表现的节水激励和水权交易为例,分别建立强互惠下的节水激励模型和水权交易模型,通过粒子 群优化算法求解,得出两种政策下漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的水量协调方案.水量的协调方案表明：政府强互惠的表现——节水激励和水权交易可以重新调整漳河流域的水量分配方案,以此来减少缺水量,协调漳河流域的跨界水资源冲突.