宁夏水利发展存在的问题及调整思路

文章对地处干旱半干旱地区的宁夏水资源状况和水利设施进行分析,评价了宁夏水利发展存在的主要问题,并提出了宁夏水利发展的思路。     

水的体胀系数的计量原理、公式和方法

利用不同温度下纯水的密度值,给出了水的体胀系数的计量原理、公式和方法。     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.     

浅谈公共建筑安全疏散

公共建筑安全疏散,其目的主要是使人能从发生事故的建筑中,迅速撤离到安全部位(室外或避难层、避难间等),及时转移室内重要的物资和财产,同时,尽可能地减少火灾造成的人员伤亡与财产损失,也为消防人员提供有利的灭火条件等。     

潍坊市水资源科学配置与优化调度研究

潍坊市水资源面临严重危机,表现为水资源极度短缺,区域性、阶段性缺水严重,人均水资源可利用量低。通过采取合理、科学的措施,对全市水资源实行适度开发,合理调度和优化配置,将有效解决潍坊市水资源短缺问题。     

乌五井区克拉玛依组油藏开发效果分析

目的提高乌5井区克拉玛依组油藏注水开发效果。方法在充分认识油藏静态地质特征的基础上,利用压力测试、油井产液剖面、注水井吸水剖面等测试结果,结合注水井和采油井生产数据的动态分析,认识各种地质及生产动态因素对注水效果的影响和控制作用。结果注入水在地质上主要受构造、沉积微相和储层物性3方面控制,工程上主要受注水时机、注水方式和注水强度的影响。结论有益的为开发同类油藏提供了该研究经验和借鉴。     

以MSP430FW427为核心的远程数字水表设计

介绍了以MSP430为核心的低功耗远程数字水表设计。以MSP430FW427为微处理器,采集处理水流量信号;内嵌简化的TCP/IP协议,采用CS8900A的I/O SPACE模式实现数据的传输。分析了LC振荡电路检测流量信号的原理,给出了流量信号的检测、处理、显示及网络通信等模块的软硬件设计及流程。实验表明,该水表具有低功耗、高精度等优点,测得的水流量既可本地显示,也可通过网络实现远程抄表。     

特高含水油藏综合调整效果的模糊评价方法

建立了特高含水开发期油藏综合调整效果评价指标体系,分为注采状态评价指标、开发动态评价指标、经济效益评价指标等3大类,包括井网密度变化率、注采对应率变化值、水驱储量控制程度变化值、含水率评价系数降低值、存水率评价系数降低值、平均年增油程度、采收率增加值、耗水量降低值、产出投入比等9项子指标。基于模糊综合评判原理和层次分析法,提出了综合调整效果的模糊综合评判方法。对胜坨油田“十五”期间12个综合调整单元的调整效果进行了模糊评价,结果表明,该方法能综合反映多方面的调整效果。     

炸药废水的绿色化处理工艺研究

采用超临界水氧化技术处理炸药生产废水，探讨了超临界水氧化降解炸药废水的规律。结果表明：反应温度是影响炸药废水COD去除率的主要因素，在超临界条件下，COD的去除率随着温度的升高而增加。在反应温度为550℃、压力24MPa、反应停留时间为120s的条件下，COD去除率可以达到99．98％以上。     

生态弹性填料及陶粒在微污染水体处理中的应用研究

生态弹性填料是一种模拟天然水草形态加工而成的新型水处理材料，近年来在污水处理中得到了广泛应用。其具有比表面积大、去除有机物容积负荷高、生物附着性好、空隙可变、不易堵塞、适应性强、操作管理简便等优点；陶粒具有较高的孔隙率及适中的密度，所有这些都有利于微生物的生长。本文采用人工湿地作为构筑物对崇明前卫生态村中心湖的水体进行处理，结果表明，经此工艺处理后的水体，CODCr、TP、TN、氨氮等指标达到或优于国家三类水质标准。并为工程实施提供了科学依据。