Key Technical Issues of TGP Permanent Shiplock

1Keytechnicalissuesinthegenerallayoutofnavi gationstructures　ThegenerallayoutofTGPnavigationstructuresischaracterizedbyabigdis chargeatthedam ,ahighcontentofsedimentinflowandcomplicatedgeog raphyatthedamsite ,whereisneces sarybothtosolvethesedimentationandflowconditionfornavigationandtodealwiththerelationshipbetweennavigationstructuresontheonehandandpowergenerationandfloodcontrolontheoth er.1 1Selectionofthedamsiteandthearrangementoftheaxisoftheproject　Thegenerallayoutofthenavigationstruct…     

提高生焦反应焦化炉给热方法的研究

提出了生焦反应焦化炉给热及生焦反应给热比的概念 ,在确保焦化炉管不发生严重结焦的条件下 ,研究了焦化炉注气及炉出口温度的优化方法 ,以提高生焦反应焦化炉给热及延迟焦化装置液体收率。利用过程模拟软件 ,分别对单面辐射及双面辐射焦化炉进行了管内外过程模拟。结果表明 ,注气比维持在 1% ,炉出口温度由 4 90℃到 5 0 5℃时 ,每升高 5℃ ,生焦反应焦化炉给热增加 4 5～ 5 9kJ/kg ;炉出口温度维持在 5 0 5℃ ,注气比由 3%至 1%每降低 0 .5个百分点 ,生焦反应焦化炉给热增加 2 0～ 32kJ/kg。采用调整注气比和炉出口温度优化同时操作的方案 ,其效果优于仅控制炉出口温度的方案     

旋转水射流破岩的数值模拟分析

采用非线性动力有限元和岩石动态损伤模型模拟了旋转水射流作用下岩石的损伤破坏过程 ,其中岩石损伤场的求解采用解耦的方法。同时还对旋转水射流的破岩机理进行了分析。模拟计算结果与前期的试验结果一致 ,均显示旋转射流具有较强的破岩能力 ,其原因在于旋转射流的质点具有三维速度 ,破岩时以倾斜冲击为主 ,易于在岩石表面形成拉伸和剪切破坏 ,回流的干扰较少 ;破岩过程首先是形成一环形破碎带 ,然后沿径向和轴向发展 ,所形成的破碎坑呈内凸锥状。旋转射流破岩的优势在于破碎面积大、效率高。     

复杂条件下的低渗透油田生产特征

在考虑了启动压力、毛管力、重力等因素的情况下 ,推导了低渗透油田油水两相渗流时含水率和无因次采油、采液指数的数学模型 ,并分析了上述 3种因素在数学模型中的作用。结果表明 ,对于水湿油藏 ,毛管力和启动压力的存在使含水率和无因次采液指数增加 ,重力则使无因次采液指数降低 ,而对含水率的影响与地层倾角有关。 3种因素均对无因次采油指数无影响。在理论分析的基础上 ,对胜利油区大芦湖低渗透油田的含水率和无因次采油、采液指数进行了实例计算 ,进一步验证了理论分析结果的可靠性     

边水驱油藏调剖技术

针对边水驱油藏的地质及开发特点 ,提出了边水调剖技术 ,同时对调剖井点的选择、调剖剂的筛选、调剖剂用量的确定、调剖施工工艺等配套技术进行了研究。通过向优选的调剖井注入调剖剂 ,可以控制边水的侵入方向和推进速度 ,从而增大波及系数 ,提高最终采收率。 2 0 0 0年 5月到 1 1月 ,对高 1 0 4 5区块 8口井进行了边水调剖试验 ,共注入调剖剂 1 851 6m3。调剖后 ,内部井的含水率下降、产量回升 ,明显提高了区块的采收率。数值模拟预测结果表明 ,调剖增油超过 70 0 0t,投入产出比大于 1∶2。     

Ordinary Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide and By-products Chlorite and Chlorate in Water

Acute toxicity and accumulated toxicity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and by-products chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorate (ClO3-) in water acted on mice are studied by the method of Horn and accumulation coefficient. Subchronic toxicity of the mixture of ClO2 and ClO2-and ClO3- in water acted on rat is studied though feeding test for 90 days, including statistical analysis of variance on weight gaining, food utilization efficiency,index of blood and serum,liver (or kidney) to body weight ratio, and histopathological examination on liver and kidney. The results show that aqueous solution of ClO2, NaClO2 and NaClO3 ( with the concentration of 276.5 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively) and the mixed aqueous solution of ClO2 with the concentration of 553 mg/L are actually non-poisonous , and non-cumulative aqueous solution as well.     

Optimal Dispatching of Large—scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method,is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water sup-ply systems.     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油田注水开发的调整与优化

根据鄂尔多斯盆地成功开发的主要特低渗油田——安塞、靖安、华池油田长6、长3油层的储层特征及开发实践,提出了改善特低渗油田注水开发效果的注采参数、注水方式优化及调整技术,从而达到提高单井产量及最终采收率,降低开发投资和生产成本,以提高整体开发效益的目的.     

悬浮填料床生物预处理黄浦江原水中试研究

采用一种新型悬浮填料对黄浦江原水进行生物接触氧化预处理中试研究 .对原水在自然条件下的工艺启动过程进行了分析 ,研究了几种不同工况条件下污染物去除效果 .在水力停留时间 1h、气水体积比 0 .5 6情况下 ,氨氮处理效率可达到 70 %～ 80 % ,CODMn去除效率可达 10 % .实践证明 :采用该悬浮填料的生物接触氧化工艺具有挂膜时间短、氨氮去除效率高、气水体积比小、传质效果好、占地面积小、运行方便以及不积泥等优点