孔隙结构表征陶粒滤料净水效能的方法

在分析陶粒的吸附性能和孔隙结构的基础上,采用浊度和UV254等动态实验方法研究了陶粒滤料的净水效能,建立了陶粒滤料过滤性能的表征方法.结果表明,陶粒的比表面积和碘吸附值、孔体积和单宁酸吸附值、最可几孔径与全部吸附值的相关系数分别是0.99、0.92和1.00.其表征方法所得的陶粒滤料评价结果与陶粒滤料净水效能的实验结果相符,为评价陶粒滤料的净水效能和针对不同水质选择陶粒滤料提供了标准.     

高温工质冷凝换热试验台冷却水温度控制方法

在高温工质冷凝换热试验台中,冷却水供水温度的稳定性直接影响高温工质冷凝换热的试验结果.建立了冷却水加热设备——冷却水高位水箱的传递函数及控制传递函数模型,选择了积分分离式PI控制嚣,利用C Builder语言开发了冷却水温度计算机控制程序,设计了计算机监控系统.控制试验结果表明该PI温控系统响应快、抗干扰性好,控制精度高为(±0.2)℃.     

利用克立金方法预测湿地水质的变化趋势

将空间域上的克立金方法延伸到时空域中,得出当时间信息量大于空间信息量时区域化变量的无偏最优估计形式,进而给出时间域上克立金的估计形式,最后利用该方法对某湿地近几年水体中BOD-DO的未来的趋势进行了预测,实例说明该方法是一种比较稳健的预测方法.     

Reactions Between Humic Acid Solutions and Excessive ClO2 or Cl2

Reactions between humic acid solutions and excessive ClO2 or Cl2 have been investigated. Under various experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of TOC, UV254 and A140 from humic acid solutions were examined. The relationship between the removal efficiency and the consumption of ClO2 or Cl2 was discussed. The results showed that the maximum demand of ClO2 was 2.19 mg/mg TOC for the humic acid solution under the experimental conditions, and that of Cl2 was 1.88 mg/mg TOC. The variation tendency of ClO2 consumption was similar to that of Cl2. TOC of humic acid solutions decreased 15.2% and 15.6% after the reaction with ClO2 or Cl2 respectively. Under the experimental conditions, 21.4% of unsaturated bonds and 52.8% of humic acid color were removed by ClO2 in 168 h. As for Cl2, removal efficiency of unsaturated bonds and humic acid color were 16.8% and 41.7% respectively. Larger molecules from humic acid were oxidized to smaller molecules by ClO2 and Cl2. Higher oxidation potential of ClO2 than that of Cl2 was also indicated by variation of UV254/A410 ratios. The similar tendency, that exhibited faster variation in the initial 24 h, existed for all the research factors.     

城市固体垃圾热解设备与特性研究

针对无筛分城市垃圾热解的实用技术进行了研究,开发出内热源和外热源联合使用的垃圾热解设备.同时对设备的温度变化、垃圾热解特性、产气规律以及影响热解气热值的主要因素等进行了详细的分析.结果表明:实用热解设备的产气率高,理想热解温度在700℃以下.垃圾热解气中H2的体积分数达15.2%,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6和CH4的体积分数总和是10%,热解气的平均热值为7546.4 kJ/m3.设备运行稳定且温度特性满足设计要求.     

黄河大柳树生态经济区老灌区节水潜力综合分析

建设大柳树生态经济区是黄河黑山峡河段开发的主要任务,长期以来,围绕黄河流域突出的水资源供需矛盾,引起了不同学者和有关部门对大柳树生态经济区建设的学术技术争议.结合生态经济区水资源条件,以黄河大柳树生态经济区老灌区节水潜力为主线,系统分析了影响节水潜力的主要因素和敏感性.结果表明,通过输水工程改造、种植结构调整、田间改造、井渠结合、运行管理等方面的节水努力,老灌区节水量为13.18×108～22.69×108 m3,有水资源条件支撑了大柳树生态经济区的建设与开发.     

红树莓品种的越冬性初步研究

在沈阳地区,采用电导法、组织褐变法和萌芽生长法对不同红树莓品种的越冬性进行研究,结果表明,树莓越冬枝条在-20~-25℃条件下遭受冻害,致死临界温度为-30℃,越冬期间枝条表皮保水能力较差,抽条现象较严重.树莓越冬伤害为冻害和抽条伤害两种,但主要是抽条伤害.     

西藏农村水环境恶化成因及治理对策

随着西藏经济建设的深入推进,西藏农村也得到了前所未有的发展,然而经济建设是把双刃剑,经济发展的同时伴随的是对生态的破坏。据调查研究和数据表明,西藏的农村水环境已开始慢慢变坏且有恶化的趋势,西藏的农村水环境污染防治正日益受到有关部门的关注。针对西藏农村社会经济发展水平相对较低,公共基础设施建设相对落后,农民收入相对较低,国家尚无法投入大量资金用于农村环保工作的现实情况,认清西藏农村水环境污染的成因,并采取当地实际的治理措施,对于维护当地居民身体健康和环境质量要求以及资源循环利用要求,维护国家生态源头的安全具有重要意义。     

张峰水库输水工程总干后半段方案比选

通过对原输水工程初步设计方案的分析,对多个方案进行了比选,并确定了输水方案。     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.