Fe3Si基合金的温挤压工艺

Fe3Si基合金由于有序相的出现而导致的很强的环境脆性和本征脆性,使其难以进行机械加工和热加工.依据挤压能够提高材料塑性的原理,系统地研究了Fe3Si基合金的温挤压工艺.利用温挤压开坯技术,实现Fe3Si基合金的低温轧制.通过实验得出了Fe3Si基合金温挤压工艺的各项参数.     

液压张力温轧实验轧机薄带在线加热温度控制

采用电阻加热的方法对试样施加低电压大电流实现在线加热.为保证薄板加热过程中的测温精度和温度均匀性,设计了接触式测温仪和双回路加热装置.温度控制器采用前馈控制器和反馈控制器相结合的方式,以薄板电阻加热时的热平衡方程为基础进行前馈控制器设计,反馈控制采用PID控制器,将前馈和反馈控制量叠加后作为温度控制器的总设定值.该技术能够满足试样加热速率和温度控制精度的要求,通过在轧制过程中持续补温,提高试样的温度均匀性.     

How would global-mean temperature change in the 21st century?

The time series of HadCRUT3 global-mean surface air temperature (GSAT) anomaly, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) index, and the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) were utilized, and their long-term trends and multiple time-scale periodic oscillations were explored in this study. A long-term trend with a warming rate about 0.44°C /century during 1850–2008, two cool floors occurred respectively around 1910 and during 1950–1970, and three warm flats happened in the 1870s, 1940s and since the year 1998 were found in the GSAT. In this duration, the variability of GSAT can be well reconstructed by the quasi-21-year, the quasi-65-year, and century-scale oscillations. The recent decadal warm flat is caused by their positive phase overlapping from these three oscillations. The maximum rising temperature reached 0.26°C was simulated in 2004 by the three oscillations. The quasi-21-year and the quasi-65-year oscillations were possibly caused by solar radiation and internal variability of the ocean-atmosphere system. Therefore, an outlook of GSAT for the 21st century was made based on the long-term trend and these three oscillations. It was expected that a cool floor and a warm flat of the GSAT would appear in the 2030s and 2060s, respectively. However, the highest warming range is predicted about 0.6°C, it is less than the threshold 2°C and IPCC projection.     

暖温带-亚热带过渡区鸡公山落叶栎林生态系统碳储量分布特征

在鸡公山天然落叶栎林中设置样地,调查分析了落叶栎林生态系统土壤碳密度和碳储量,测定了林下植被层和凋落物层碳储量,并用生物量方程法估测了乔木层各组分的生物量及碳储量.结果表明:落叶栎林生态系统总碳储量为156.60 t·hm-2,空间分布特征表现为乔木层(81.65 t·hm-2)>土壤层(66.13 t·hm-2)>凋落物层(7.50 t·hm-2)>灌木层(1.09 t·hm-2)>草本层(0.23 t·hm-2).在不同采样层次上碳含量存在明显差异.土壤层碳储量随着海拔升高而显著增加(p<0.05),随着土层深度增加而显著降低(p<0.05).     

修理设备可更换且修理工多重延误休假的温贮备系统

考虑修理设备可更换和修理工多重延误休假的温贮备系统.假定两部件的工作寿命、贮备寿命、修理设备的工作时间和修理工的延误休假时间均服从指数分布,部件工作故障后的修理时间、贮备故障后的修理时间、修理设备的更换时间和修理工的休假时间均服从一般的连续性分布,应用拉普拉斯变换和补充变量法等数学方法对其进行可靠性分析,得到了系统的可靠度、可用度、故障频度等可靠性指标.     

Decadal-scale variability of warm season temperature in Beijing over the past 2650 years

A continuous record of surface temperature for the past 2650 years was obtained in an earlier study from a Beijing stalagmite based on sedimentary layer counting and thickness measurements.Singular spectrum analysis,multi-taper and wavelet spectral analyses are used in this study to identify decadal-scale signals and their origins in this record.Besides long-term cycles of solar origin identified in earlier studies,this record contains cycles that dominate temperature with periods of 102-70,66-50,31,25-22,19,15,12 and 9 years.The 102-70,25-22,12 and 9 year cycles are attributable to solar variation,while the others are likely to be related to low-latitude ocean forcing.These results suggest that century-scale changes in the Beijing summer temperature over the past 2650 years are primarily controlled by solar variation,while ocean-atmospheric interactions play a prominent role in modu-lating decadal-scale variability.     

后牙慢性牙髓炎一次性热压充填法疗效分析

目的 :初步评价后牙慢性牙髓炎一次性热牙胶垂直加压充填法根管治疗的疗效。方法 :将 2 6 8例患牙以个体匹配法 ,据患者年龄、性别、牙位及患牙根管数匹配成 4组 ,分别行一次性和多次性热牙胶垂直加压充填、一次性和多次性传统冷侧压充填 4种根管治疗法。比较并分析充填质量及术后 1周的疼痛发生率、疼痛程度。结果 :一次性热压充填组、多次性热压充填组、一次性冷侧压充填组和多次性冷侧压充填组根充术后疼痛发生率分别为 13 4 %、14 9%、11 9%、14 9%,平均疼痛指数分别为 3 0 0± 2 0 7、2 70± 1 94、2 2 5± 1 16、2 5 0± 1 6 4。排除根管治疗期间急症因素 ,各组间无显著差别。结论 :一次性热牙胶垂直加压充填根管治疗适用于后牙慢性牙髓炎的病例。     

气候条件对冬小麦各生育阶段生长发育的影响分析——以驻马店市与新乡市为例

利用驻马店市和新乡市1971年—2007年气象观测资料和1981年以来的冬小麦观测资料,运用农业气象统计学和气象统计学原理,分析驻马店市小麦生长季内自然生态条件特点和作物生育需求,通过与新乡比较,寻找出驻马店市冬小麦各生育阶段的生态限制因子:①冬前、越冬期和春季温度偏高,对小麦安全越冬和小麦多成穗、成大穗十分不利.②播种期强降水偏多,影响小麦顺利播种;苗期降水相对偏少,对小麦分蘖和生根不利;越冬期和返青到抽穗期降水偏多,十分有利于小麦生长;但开花到成熟期降水偏多,对小麦开花授粉和灌浆鼓粒都会产生不利影响.③小麦全生育期日照时数偏少,对于长日照作物的小麦来说极为不利.尤其是从小麦开花到成熟期,日照严重偏少,直接影响小麦的结实粒数和千粒重.④以上不利气象因素导致驻马店市小麦穗数和穗粒数较少,不孕小穗数较多,单穗籽粒重和千粒重均较低.     

流动温压成型铁基粉末冶金复杂件的脱脂工艺

使用水雾化铁粉等原料制备十字形试样,对脱脂工艺、微观组织进行了分析,得到的理想脱脂工艺为:先以较快的速率升温到160℃,然后以1℃.min-1的速率升温到300℃,保温0.5h,再以1.5℃.min-1的速率升温到450℃,保温0.5h.烧结在1300℃进行.实验结果表明,通过优化脱脂工艺,使用流动温压工艺,可以制备出成本低廉、形状复杂的结构件.     

开关指数型二部件温贮备系统可靠度Fiducial置信限

基于元件和切换开关的定数截尾寿命试验数据,对指数寿命型部件、开关组成的温贮备系统可靠性的近似置信限进行研究;给出系统可靠度精确Fiducial置信下限,求得系统可靠性的近似Fiducial置信下限.通过计算机模拟说明给出的置信限符合实际.