一种新型结构叶片对风力机气动性能的影响

针对风力机在旋转过程中产生的叶尖涡影响风力机本身以及下游风力机气动性能的问题,提出了一种控制叶尖涡的策略,以减小叶尖涡对风力机本身及下游风力机气动性能的影响.以PhaseⅥ叶片的1/8模型为原始模型,在叶尖处和轮毂处同时开洞,用管道将洞连接的模型称作新模型.采用数值模拟的方法对来流风速从6m/s到20 m/s的15个工...     

排水板施工对软黏土扰动的现场试验研究

通过软黏土地基上塑料排水板施工过程的孔隙水压力观测及现场十字板强度试验,研究了排水板施工前后地基土体孔隙水压力增长和消散的规律,并且从软黏土地基的有效应力变化和结构扰动等方面分析了土体强度损失及恢复过程.结果表明:单根排水板施工引起的孔隙水压力增长较小,仅对表层孔隙水压力影响大;板群的施工对4 m范围内土体孔隙水压力的增长有叠加效应;排水板施工一方面使软土地基内的孔隙水压力增长,有效应力减小,导致软土强度的降低,另一方面使地基软土结构发生破坏而引起软土强度降低;孔隙水压力的增长引起的地基土强度损失恢复较快,而结构扰动引起的强度损失恢复较慢.     

概率统计观念形成中的思维障碍分析

概率统计的研究对象是随机现象.概率统计思维的本质在于:对随机事件发生的频繁程度定量化,在不确定的情景中作出良好判断.正是其思维方法别具一格,学生理解概率显得很复杂、很困难.通过对具体概率统计问题常见错误的分析,发现概率统计观念形成中的思维障碍,提出概率统计教学中应关注的方面.     

Patterns of artificial avian nest predation by introduced rats in a fragmented laurel forest (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

The importance of introduced rats as damaging factors on island biotas is globally recognized. The predation of artificial avian nests by Ship rats (Rattus rattus) in fragmented laurel forests in Tenerife (Canary Islands) was explored. The influence of road edge, patch type, and position (ground versus tree) on nest survival in two forest remnants differing in conservation degree, were assessed using failure‐time analysis. Overall, nest predation was greater in the preserved than in the disturbed remnant. Nest predation also differed among and within patches, variation being greater within the disturbed remnant. The probability of nest failure was higher at the interior than along the road edge in both remnants, but the road edge effect on nest predation was more intense in the disturbed remnant. Predation pressure was higher in patches of mature, closed canopy or dense understorey with stump sprouting. Ground nests were predated at higher rates than tree nests at any location. These results contrast with other nest predation studies in fragmented landscapes where forest edges rather than the interior are more frequently used by predators. Predatory activity by rats seems negatively affected by forest disturbance and road edge effect. Overall, artificial nest predation patterns by rats confirm a potential predation risk for the avifauna of the Canarian laurel forest. This should be considered in implementing conservation management programmes.     

动水环境中射流喷角对射流特性影响数值模拟

在应力代数模型基础上引入密度状态方程建立了变密度的各向异性湍浮力射流模型,并给出了浮力系数的简单计算式.对存在密度差的射流进行了数值计算,所得轨迹线与实验结果吻合良好.应用有限体积法对流动环境中不同喷角二维立面射流流场特性进行了数值分析,对涡心及分离点位置与喷角关系的结果分析表明喷角为90°时回流区域最大.提出了面积湍动能kA概念,以此分析了流体间的掺混强度与喷角间的关系,结果表明喷角为90°时最有利于射流水体与环境水体间的掺混.     

抗干扰的MRAC系统设计

基于popov超稳定理论提出一种新的抗干扰的模型参考自适应控制方案,不需要对干扰作任何的假设与近似.通过引入几种特定形式的干扰进行仿真,仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性.     

直升机/发动机综合控制的发展及技术特点

对直升机/发动机（简称直/发）综合控制技术的研究需求、发展及现状进行了归纳和分析，讨论了直/发综合抗扰控制与优化控制的方案选择、 技术特点和研究动向，其中着重分析了基于扭矩前馈控制、自适应燃油控制、自抗扰控制、预测控制等手段的综合抗扰控制，以及包含最小油耗、最大功率、最低涡轮温度优化模式的综合优化控制的研究和应用情况. 最后，在总结全文的基础上，提出今后在直/发综合控制研究工作中值得关注的一些问题.     

Prediction from the One‐Way Error Components Model with AR(1) Disturbances

In this paper we extend the works of Baillie and Baltagi (1999, in Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables Models, Hsiao C et al. (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; 255–267) and generalize certain results from the Baltagi and Li (1992, Journal of Forecasting 11 : 561–567) paper accounting for AR(1) errors in the disturbance term. In particular, we derive six predictors for the one‐way error components model, as well as their associated asymptotic mean squared error of multi‐step prediction in the presence of AR(1) errors in the disturbance term. In addition, we also provide both theoretical and simulation evidence as to the relative efficiency of our alternative predictors. The adequacy of the prediction AMSE formula is also investigated by the use of Monte Carlo methods and indicates that the ordinary optimal predictor performs well for various accuracy criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

群体性事件的成因与对策

近几年来,群体性事件在我国正愈演愈烈,已严重地干扰了正常的社会秩序,破坏了社会的和谐。为推动法治进程、构建和谐社会,针对我国群体性事件的特点、原因,采取法律手段去有效化解群体性事件,是理论界与实际部门的当务之急。