Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles continuous subsldence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried.Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built that evolved fast in early stage,evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes,which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

岩石裂纹扩展机理分析模型与应用

以单一裂纹岩石为研究对象,采用东北大学岩石破裂与失稳研究中心的岩石破裂过程分析系统(RFPA),分析裂纹破坏机理.依据铜川矿区东坡井田的实际地质资料,建立Z2M1、Z2M2两种不同均质度的构造界面模型.数值实验结果表明,岩石的破坏是由原生裂纹引起的,构造界面的不同是引起采煤沉陷及覆岩破坏规律差异性的重要因素.对岩体变形机理的研究为控制地表破坏提供理论依据.     

A 780-year record of explosive volcanism from DT263 ice core in east Antarctica

Ice cores recovered from polar ice sheet received and preserved sulfuric acid fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions. DT263 ice core was retrieved from an east Antarctic location. The ice core is dated using a combination of annual layer counting and volcanic time stratigraphic horizon as 780 years (1215-1996 A.D.). The ice core record demonstrates that during the period of approximately 1460-1800 A.D., the accumulation is sharply lower than the levels prior to and after this period. This period coincides with the most recent neoglacial climatic episode, the "Little Ice Age (LIA)", that has been found in numerous Northern Hemisphere proxy and historic records. The non-sea-salt SO42- concentrations indicate seventeen volcanic events in DT263 ice core. Compared with those from previous Antarctic ice cores, significant discrepancies are found between these records in relative volcanic flux of several well-known events. The discrepancies among these records may be explained by the differences in surface topography, accumulation rate, snow drift and distribution which highlight the potential impact of local glaci-ology on ice core volcanic records, analytical techniques used for sulfate measurement, etc. Volcanic eruptions in middle and high southern latitudes affect volcanic records in Antarctic snow more intensively than those in the low latitudes.     

不溶含钾岩石转化为硅钙钾肥的研究

本文介绍不溶含钾矿石在助熔剂和催化剂的作用下,经高温烧结,能“破碎”含钾矿石的结构,转化成水溶性的钾盐和植物根部分泌枸橼酸（柠檬酸）可溶的硅钙化合物,转化率小试可达95％以上。     

塔里木盆地早二叠世玄武岩火山机构的三维地震解释与结构分析

将高精度的钻孔测井数据与三维反射地震数据相结合, 对塔里木盆地中部47井区早二叠世大陆溢流玄武岩(CFB)火山机构进行三维地震解释研究。通过时间剖面层位追索和速度分析等方法, 对火山机构的形态、结构和岩性组成进行解析, 确定塔里木盆地中部47井区火山机构下方存在玄武质高波速侵入体, 其平均地震纵波速度为5800 m/s, 围岩碎屑岩的平均地震纵波速度为3500 m/s。通过计算两个标志层(二叠系?三叠系界面“P-top”和生屑灰岩顶面“BL-top”)的测井深度, 确定玄武质侵入体导致上部标志层相对于下部标志层发生了159.1 m的向上抬升, 这相当于火山机构处地层的变形抬升量。进一步利用“速度上拉”效应计算得到的玄武质侵入体总厚度为167.7 m, 与测井计算的抬升量基本上一致。研究结果表明, 塔中47火山机构的地层抬升是由于深部岩浆注入, 导致上覆地层发生“强制褶皱”而形成, 与 Karoo大火成岩省、北大西洋火成岩省等大陆溢流玄武岩在地壳浅部的就位方式一致。     

鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区烃源岩分子地球化学特征

GC、GC-MS分析表明,甘泉地区延长组长4＋5、长6和长7各烃源岩有机质饱和烃色谱为单峰型,Pr/Ph值较高,γ蜡烷指数较低,规则甾烷αααRC27-C28-C29构型均表现为“V”字型或偏“V”字型,即C27＞ C28＜ C29,表明生物来源为混源型,为低等水生生物和高等植物双重贡献,其中长7水体较深,且低等水生生物占比重大,有机质类型偏腐泥型;各烃源岩沉积环境为较低咸度水体,有机质演化程度为成熟-高成熟阶段.     

准噶尔盆地中拐地区佳二段沸石类矿物成岩作用及其对油气成藏的意义

通过岩心、铸体薄片、电子探针、包裹体等资料,对中拐地区二叠系佳木河组佳二段沸石类矿物成岩作用进行研究,并分析其对油气成藏的意义。结果表明:佳二段沸石类胶结是最主要的胶结类型,主要有浊沸石、片沸石和方沸石3种沸石类矿物;前期沸石的胶结保存了部分原始孔隙结构,为后期浊沸石和方沸石的溶蚀提供了物质基础。佳二段沸石类矿物主要分布在扇三角洲河道厚层的砂砾岩体中,其形成与火山物质密切相关;地层水化学性质、pH值以及离子的性质和比率、温度和压力等决定了沸石类型的转化:沸石从上到下的转化序列为方沸石-片沸石-浊沸石,除了沸石矿物的转化,斜长石的钠长石化也形成了部分浊沸石;浊沸石含量和溶蚀强度决定了储层质量,其次生孔隙发育带是寻找有利油气储层的目标区域。     

埋藏有机酸性流体对白云岩储层溶蚀作用的模拟实验

通过0.2%乙酸与亮晶鲕粒含灰云岩、鲕粒云岩和粉细晶云岩的埋藏溶蚀模拟实验,对埋藏环境下有机酸流体流经白云岩内部对其溶蚀改造作用及其产生的溶蚀效应进行研究。结果表明:3种类型白云岩释放出Ca2+、Mg2+物质的量浓度为(13.19~20.48)×10-3mol/L,随着埋藏深度的增加(温度和压力升高),有机酸对白云岩的溶蚀能力相应降低,但降低的幅度不超过20%;溶蚀后样品的质量平均损失约1%,而孔隙度平均提高5%,渗透率平均增加幅度高达300%;有机酸性流体在深埋条件下仍对白云岩地层具有较强溶蚀性;白云岩经埋藏溶蚀后其内部孔隙和喉道溶蚀加大,并相互连通,导致孔喉体积增加、数量降低,这对渗透率的提高具有异常明显的效果,从而有利于油、气的储集与运移。     

吐哈盆地水西沟群“近生近储”型致密砂岩气藏特征及其成藏机制

通过对多种地化指标的分析、对气藏与煤层关系的统计对比以及储层物性的测定,在野外露头观测、精细岩心观察和区域沉积剖面对比的基础上,总结吐哈盆地水西沟群的沉积模式,并结合气藏剖面实例对水西沟群致密砂岩气藏进行研究。结果表明:研究区致密气与其煤系源岩密切相关;成藏的有利因素主要来自于砂岩与煤层的大面积直接接触,以及决口扇体及构造裂缝这种"烟囱"状通道对源储的有效连通,其在本质上是一种源、储皆在水西沟群内的煤系源岩和致密砂岩储层间产生、运移和聚集的"近生近储"型气藏。