A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

炼油厂废水库底泥中半挥发性有机污染物监测与评价

采用超声提取结合GC/MS测定了克拉玛依炼油厂污水库底质中的半挥发性有机物。选择16个多环芳烃作为加标物,测定超声提取法的回收率在65%94%。从底泥中检出62个色谱峰,能准确定性20个组分,主要包括9个多环芳烃、5个正构烷烃和3个酚类化合物。对缺少标准物的组分采用结构相似物进行定量,浓度范围在0.1259 ng/g。...     

泥质烃源岩密度分组及有机质赋存类型初探

选取济阳坳陷沙河街组深湖相暗色泥岩为研究对象,通过不同密度ZnBr2重液浮选,将样品分离成多个密度组分,对各组分检测透射光、荧光、X光衍射等,揭示不同组分有机质赋存类型的差异性.分析结果表明,①组分(密度ρ<1.6g.cm-3)以颗粒有机质为主,有机质与矿物无明显紧密结合关系;②,③组分(1.6g.cm-3<ρ<2.2g.cm-3,ρ>2.2g.cm-3)多见无定形有机质分散于细粒矿物相中,呈橙黄-亮黄色荧光,反映有机质与矿物颗粒紧密共生的赋存特征.进一步对不同密度组分有机质分配的研究表明,①组分结合了烃源岩总有机质质量不到1%;②,③组分结合了烃源岩中90%以上质量的有机质.这反映了有机质和矿物颗粒共生的赋存形式在有机质保存中不可忽视的重要地位.     

聚氯乙烯热稳定剂研究新进展

随着人们环保意识的逐渐加强,传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定剂,如铅盐类稳定剂已受到了一定的使用限制,因此相应地研究和开发出了一系列新型的PVC热稳定剂,如稀土类、钙锌(Ca/Zn)复合类和有机类热稳定剂.它们几乎是无毒的或低毒的化合物.本文概述了PVC热降解机理,国内外新型热稳定剂的种类、特点及其发展趋势.     

两种测试有机涂层的EIS实验装置的比较

最常用的EIS(电化学阻抗)测试用电解槽由有机玻璃制成,管中盛有电解液,并装有辅助电极和参比电极.有机玻璃管的固定可采用两种方式:(1)A装置将有机玻璃管用粘结剂粘在涂层/金属试样上;(2)在B装置中,将有机玻璃管用螺杆固定在两块有机玻璃板中间.本文研究了在两种实验装置下环氧涂层以及环氧富锌涂层的电化学阻抗谱特征,结果...     

日本有机薄膜太阳能电池研究进展

通过调查近两年的最新文献资料,综述了有机太阳能电池的优劣和国际研究现状.从多个侧面阐述了日本有机太阳能研究现状,并探讨了今后有机薄膜器件研究的发展趋势和走向.     

走进人类中心主义还是走出人类中心主义——基于对生态学马克思主义与建设性后现代主义自然观的比较分析

生态学马克思主义和建设性后现代主义是产生并发展于20世纪后半期的两大思想流派。在人与自然关系问题上,生态学马克思主义坚持以人为分析尺度的人类中心主义,认为自然的价值在于满足人类生存和发展的需要;建设性后现代主义批判人类中心主义,倡导人与自然的等同性,认为人与自然存在的价值在于在生态系统中所发挥的功能。二者分歧在于,走进人类中心主义与走出人类中心主义、现代主义与后现代主义、方法论的西方二元论与东方单元论。他们都仍执著于人类、自然组成的对象世界,而未意识到所有对象世界都是意识人类在特定的历史时期,如此这般显现、设定、建构、生产和创造出来的,都不可避免具有历史局限性。因而,意识人类应根据现有的实践认识水平,认真地去修正、完善已被显现、设定、建构出来的人与自然的关系,不断地去显现、设定、建构新的人与自然的关系,切不可将任何一种人与自然的关系绝对化、固定化、模式化。     

高分子铱配合物磷光材料的制备技术进展

电致磷光材料因其优异的发光性能, 引起了人们广泛关注. 铱配合物是研究最多的电致磷光材料, 高分子化的铱配合物由于加工方便、成膜性好等优点成为最近研究的重点. 本文从合成的角度出发, 介绍了含配位基团的高分子配体和含铱的二氯桥小分子铱配合物作用、小分子铱配合物烯类单体的自聚及与其他单体的共聚、开环易位聚合、接枝、溶胶凝胶法等制备高分子化铱配合物的方法, 并概述了这些制备方法对器件发光性能的影响.