Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

2010年7月8日英山特大暴雨过程的成因分析

利用GFS(0.5°×0.5°)6 h再分析资料、LAPS资料以及FY-2c卫星云图资料、武汉区域雷达拼图产品和自动站实时资料,对2010年7月8日发生在英山的特大暴雨过程进行了分析.结果表明:控制湖北地区的副高南退时,副高外围东移的短波槽引导北方冷空气下滑是此次过程的触发机制;低层切变、低空急流、露点锋和地面辐合线引起了低层辐合、中层辐散、低层θse锋生及中上层θse锋区下移,提供了有利的动力条件;750～1 000 hPa的高湿区是水汽条件;温度槽温度脊的配合、对流有效位能的持续增加和湿位涡上正下负的配置为此次过程提供了不稳定能量.     

应用Hermit插值方法修正Dome-A自动气象站记录的雪层温度

随着冰盖表面雪的积累或消融,自动气象站(AWS)上所携带的传感器相对于地表的高度/深度不断变化,给观测数据带来误差.本文利用分段三次Hermit插值的方法对Dome A地区的AWS历史雪层温度数据进行修正.结果表明,雪层的修正量随着雪的积累率的增加而增大,在夏半年为正,在冬半年为负.该方法对于浅层雪温的修正有较好的效果.     

环境温度对斜拉桥动力特性的影响分析

基于东海大桥主航道斜拉桥健康监测系统测得的一年的环境温度和结构响应的数据分析了环境温度对结构动力特性的影响。首先基于环境温度的监测数据对环境温度的分布特点进行了分析,环境温度沿桥梁纵向具有很强的一致性,沿箱梁截面具有明显的温度梯度。接着分析环境温度对结构动力特性的影响机理,并通过实际监测数据进行了验证,其结果表明理论分析与实际监测数据具有很好的一致性。最后基于ARX模型对于环境温度对结构动力特性影响的惯性效应进行了分析,表明环境温度的影响具有明显的时间滞后效应,同时基于多点温度能够等效表示环境温度的惯性效应。     

注塑件冷却过程二维瞬态温度场的计算机仿真

分析了矩形截面的长条形注塑制件在模具中的冷却过程,基于理想化假设,建立了二维非稳态传热模型. 考虑了无定形和结晶型聚合物的比热对温度的依赖性,利用分段线性函数拟合聚合物的比热温度曲线. 对空间域和时间域进行离散,采用有限差分数值方法,通过计算机编程求解方程组,开发了基于Visual Basic的可视化仿真软件,动态模拟了各时刻注塑制品在模具中冷却的二维瞬态温度场.     

低温胁迫对三角褐指藻生长和生理生化特性的影响

在温度分别为3、6、9、20℃的条件下培养三角褐指藻,测定其细胞密度、生物量、叶绿素a含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量在3、6、9、12、15 d和可溶性糖含量随时间的动态变化情况.结果表明:在不同的低温胁迫条件下,三角褐指藻的细胞密度和生物量均明显低于对照组;叶绿素a含量处理前3d有所上升,没有明显低于对照组,处理6d后明显下降;脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量均有显著上升.该研究结果为进一步揭示三角揭指藻对逆境耐受能力的生理机制提供一定的理论依据.     

钱塘江流域极端气温和最大降水事件的时空变化

基于1951-2008年钱塘江流域内外15个气象站月极端高温、月极端低温和月最大降水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法和协克里金插值方法分析了不同区域、不同季节的极端气温和最大降水量的空间分布及变化趋势特征.结果表明:钱塘江流域最大降水量总体呈缓慢减少的状态,而极端气温都有上升的趋势;季节分布上,夏季最大...     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的掺硼长周期光纤光栅温度应变特性

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)对温度比较敏感、应变不敏感,通常应用在温度传感器做温度测量.普通长周期光纤光栅温度灵敏度只有0.052 nm·℃-1,而用掺硼光纤制作的长周期光纤光栅温度灵敏度达到0.171 nm·℃-1,比普通长周期光纤光栅更加灵敏.因而应用在温度传感提高了传感器的灵敏度以及测温精度...     

一种新型实时时钟芯片温度误差补偿方法

采用累积误差实时数字补偿技术,当温度误差累积时间达到1个时钟周期时,在产生1 Hz频率方波的计数器上采取相应的操作,少加一次或者多加一次来补偿之前的频率总误差,使实时时钟在-40～85℃动态温度范围内的精度达到5.0×10-7.仿真结果表明,1 a的时间时钟最大误差不到1min,累积误差实时补偿的方法达到期望的补偿精度...