波纹管对高黏度介质的强化传热研究

通过数值模拟和实验研究考察了一种黏度较高的油类介质在波纹管内的流动和传热特性。研究发现,在本文条件下,波纹管内流动从层流发展到湍流的临界雷诺数远小于传统光滑圆管内的临界雷诺数,约在800～1000左右;波纹管在低雷诺数条件下对较高黏度的介质具有更好的强化传热效果,最大传热强化比达到6倍左右;本文拟合出的波纹管内高黏度介质强制对流时的传热准则关联式,考虑了波纹管管型及不同温度下介质物性参数的影响,经验证具有较好的精度,这为波纹管换热器的进一步工程设计和应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

B2O3对高铝钢连铸保护渣理化性能的影响

高铝钢连铸过程中,为了避免或减轻钢液中Al与保护渣中SiO2发生反应,设计了低SiO2、高Al2O3含量的高铝钢连铸保护渣,通过添加适量的酸性氧化物B2O3协调熔渣酸碱性,利用实验分析了B2O3含量对高铝钢保护渣熔融特性、黏度特性及渣膜传热特性的影响。结果表明,B2O3含量在4%～10%时,随着B2O3含量增加,保护渣熔化温度、黏度、黏流活化能均降低,渣膜热流密度增加;保护渣的等温转变曲线(TTT曲线)向孕育时间增加的方向移动,晶体生长速率降低;实验条件下,增加B2O3含量可抑制保护渣中CaF2的析出。     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

综合碱度对连铸保护渣黏性特征的影响

利用旋转黏度计,全面研究连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能与碱度、综合碱度之间的关系.在本实验渣系条件下,随着综合碱度的增大,连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能均逐渐减小,并且随着综合碱度的增大,其对黏性特征的影响作用逐渐减弱.利用连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能与综合碱度的回归方程,可以全面考察渣中各组元对连铸保护渣黏性特征的影响作用,精确预测连铸保护渣的黏性特征.当综合碱度为2.0时,连铸保护渣的黏度为0.17 Pa.s,凝固温度为1 030℃,黏性活化能为120 kJ.mol-1.综合国内外连铸保护渣应用实践,连铸保护渣的综合碱度应大于2.0,此时连铸保护渣的黏性特征保持相...     

The trefoil factor family – small peptides with multiple functionalities

The trefoil factor family (TFF) comprises a group of small peptides which are highly expressed in tissues containing mucus-producing cells – especially in the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract. The peptides seem crucial for epithelial restitution and may work via other pathways than the conventional factors involved in restitution. In vitro studies have shown that the TFFs promote restitution using multiple mechanisms. The peptides also have other functionalities including interactions with the immune system. Moreover, therapeutic effects of the TFFs have been shown in several animal models of gastrointestinal damage. Still it is not clear which of their in vitro properties are involved in the in vivo mode of action. This review describes the TFF family with emphasis on their biological properties and involvement in mucosal protection and repair. Received 10 October 2008; received after revision 07 November 2008; accepted 10 November 2008     

水溶性共轭聚合物PPEASO3分子量的粘度法估测

利用稀溶液粘度法对所合成的水溶性共轭聚合物PPEASO3的分子量进行了估测.先通过含0.1M NaNO3的PPEASO3水溶液的粘度测量数据求出其特性粘数[η],再利用Mark-Houwink方程[η]=KMαη和有关文献中的三种参考聚合物的K、α值计算得到聚合物的粘均分子量Mη,最后取其平均值得到PPEASO3的粘均分子量为Mη≈150KD.     

蓖麻油粘滞系数与温度关系实验的研究

采用落球法研究了蓖麻油的粘滞系数与温度的关系。通过测量小球在不同温度的蓖麻油中下落的速度,计算出粘滞系数,利用计算机软件进行辅助处理,得出了甘油的粘滞系数与温度关系的经验公式。     

连铸保护渣道动态压力计算模型及影响因素

通过建立保护渣道压力计算模型,研究了保护渣道压力随结晶器振动的周期性变化规律以及保护渣道形状参数、连铸工艺参数和保护渣黏度对渣道压力的影响.结果表明:结晶器达到最大上振速度和最大下振速度时,渣道压力分别达到最大负压和最大正压;保护渣道形状参数对渣道压力有重要影响,渣道入口宽度和出口宽度增加,渣道正负压力都明显下降,而渣道长度增加,渣道正负压力最大值都增加;拉坯速度与结晶器振动速度都影响渣道压力,拉坯速度增加,渣道最大负压增加,而最大正压减小;结晶器振动速度和保护渣黏度增加,使渣道最大正负压力都增加.     

L—2型表观粘度函数快测仪的原理和设计

描述了一种新的L型表观粘度函数快测仪。它是在原L—1型的基础上经重要改进后完成的。它保留了原仪器的一个主要特点即仅用一次测试就能求得复盖一定范围的切变率下的非牛顿流体表观粘度;同时能在通常认为难以测量,却又十分重要的“低剪切” 段令人满意地工作。且所需样品少于2mL。     

拉伸流动中牛顿流体的Trouton比

在献[1]的基础上,本文推导了单轴拉伸流动;双轴拉仲流劝和二维拉伸流动中牛顿流体的Trouton比,结果是合理的。