曲面薄壳有限元离散误差分析和修正方法研究

基于曲面薄壳几何/物理方程和有限元离散原理推导,揭示了壳单元离散方法特点、刚度矩阵误差产生机理和范数表示方法。以航空涡轮发动机测压探针为例,深入研究了利用协调平板壳单元、非协调平板壳单元、一次和二次实体退化壳单元等不同类型单元离散曲面薄壳时,应力计算误差影响因素及变化规律,综述了单元的适用条件。基于Boltzmann模型提出了应力计算结果修正通式,通过FORTRAN语言编程修正应力仿真结果和ANSYS二次开发语言APDL命令实现应力修正结果的读取和后处理,应力修正结果与理论解相对误差小于5%,满足曲面薄壳设计和稳定性分析应用要求。

Abstract：

Based on the geometric physical equations and deduction of discrete process of finite element for curved thin-walled structure,characteristics of shell elements for discretion and discrete error for element stiffness matrix were analyzed theoretically,and the norm expression of discrete error for element stiffness matrix was put forward.Then,as an illustration,a probe for detecting the pressure inside turboprops was meshed by curved thin-walled shell element,compatible flat shell element,incompatible flat shell element and 3D degenerated shell element,respectively,and the stress of the probe was numerically calculated by FEM.On the basis of solved results,the stress error was analyzed thoroughly,the influence factors on the error and the applying situations for different elements were determined.Finally,the general form of correctional function was put forward according to the Boltzmann model.The program developed with FORTRAN was used to correct the numerical results and the APDL commands inside ANSYS software were utilized to read and plot the correctional stress results.Through the correction,the discrete error can be reduced within 5% that satisfies the requirement of application for structural design and stability analysis.     

船速复合误差调节器半实物仿真及稳定性分析

船舶航速的稳定性主要取决于主机负荷调节系统的响应特性,为抑制负荷扰动,提高船舶航速的控制精度,提出了基于Lyapunov方法的船速复合误差调节器,并进行了稳定性分析,实现了船速自适应控制。在实验室条件下,建立了船速复合误差调节器半实物仿真系统。仿真结果表明,在系统模型不确定性的情况下,船速复合误差调节器能提高系统抗干扰能力和船舶航速的稳定性。     

三维射击精度的Winterbottom逼近

为避免导弹武器三维射击精度降维评估带来的信息损失问题,在三维射击精度一阶逼近法研究的基础上,引进SEP对分布参数的二阶偏导数,依据Winterbottom展开给出了SEP的置信上界和置信区间表达式。详细推导了具体计算公式,提出Box-Cox变换参数λ的选取原则,列出了优化λ的计算方程,并以示例说明Winterbottom逼近对中小样本的具体运用和实际效果,结果表明该方法具有良好的使用前景。首次将渐进正态性理论和逼近理论引入三维精度评估领域,解决了球概率误差分布未知问题。     

基于IMU/GPS的性能导航方法研究

利用直角坐标系与大地坐标系之间的关系,将状态方程直接采用经纬度描述,GPS测量数据与电子地图上的经纬度相匹配,建立了混合模型,给出了一种新的GPS与IMU融合估计方法,提高了重复定位精度,更方便地实现组合导航系统功能。采用GPS和IMU装置进行了地面车辆试验和实际飞行试验,说明了模型和方法的适用性。

Abstract：

A mixed model was established and a new fusion estimation method for GPS and IMU was proposed through the relationship between the Cartesian coordinate system and the ground coordinate system,and the state equation described by the latitude and longitude directly,and the GPS measurement data and electronic map matched to the latitude and longitude.The provided method has improved the repeatability positioning accuracy and more easily integrated navigation system functions.The ground and actual flight were tested to illustrate the applicability of the model and method with GPS and IMU device.     

基于岭回归径向基神经网络的MIMU误差建模

对MEMS（Micro Electro Mechanical systems微电子机械系统）IMU（Inertial Measurement Unit惯性测量单元）的随机漂移和误差进行建模和补偿是提高捷联惯导系统性能的主要方法之一。为了避免径向基（RBF）神经网络输出之间可能存在的复共线性,更加准确有效的对MIMU的输出误差建模,提出将岭回归径向基神经网络用于MIMU的误差建模中。通过与时间序列建模方法的仿真比较表明,在对MIMU误差补偿上所建立的岭回归RBF网络与四阶AR模型方法精度相当,比一阶AR模型精度高,而且无需对数据平稳性处理。

Abstract：

It is one of the main methods to improve the performance of Strap-down Inertial Navigation System for compensating the random drift and bias of MEMS （Micro Electro Mechanical systems） IMU （Inertial Measurement Unit）. In order to eliminate latent multicollinearity of radial basis function neuron network output layer and model the drift and bias of MIMU accurately,the radial basis function neuron network based on ridge regression method was proposed which was applied in modeling and compensating MIMU errors. The simulation shows,compared to the AR model,the precision of compensation of MIMU error using radial basis function neuron network based on ridge regression method is equal to the fourth order AR model,better than first order AR model,and no data stabilization processing.     

基于译码转发中继信道的对角正交设计极化空时分组码

构建了基于译码转发中继信道的对角正交设计极化空时分组码(STPBC),该种码可以通过极化天线进行满码率发射和接收.然后设计了码率为1、发射天线数为2和4的码字矩阵,最后与传统对角正交、传统准正交和极化准正交这3种无中继空时分组码(STBC)分别进行了仿真对比.结果表明:2个发射天线和1个接收天线情况下,当BER=10-3时,BPSK调制下STPBC的性能比无中继传统对角正交情况有3.5dB的增益,QPSK调制下有3dB的增益;4个发射天线和1个接收天线情况下,当BER=10-3时,BPSK调制下比上述3种情况分别有6.0,2.7和-1.5dB的增益,QPSK调制下分别有5.5,2.5和-2.5dB的增益;与无中继极化准正交STBC相比,在SNR较低的情况下所提分组码具有较好的性能.     

SPECT局部重建中小波去噪方法研究

针对单光子发射断层成像技术中全局图像重建时间过长的问题,提出了局部重建的思想,同时为了提高局部重建图像的质量,需要在局部重建之前,对投影图像进行噪声去除.利用基于小波变换的复数改进二元萎缩相关去噪法,对噪声投影图进行处理,并利用局部重建算法进行图像的局部重建,在保留图像细节的同时,降低了图像噪声,缩短了重建时间.利用均方误差评价标准,对去噪结果进行评测,结果表明:在局部重建中,利用该方法进行去噪处理具有良好的效果.     

基于图像质量评估的MIMO-SAR等效相位中心误差界

受等效相位中心误差的影响,新体制的多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)方位成像结果存在"假峰"而导致成像质量下降。该文提出基于虚假旁瓣比、积分旁瓣比及峰值能量损失等图像质量指标联合评价"假峰"对SAR成像质量的影响,进而确定MIMO-SAR等效相位中心误差界,为系统设计和信号处理提供了依据。结果表明:当等效相位中心误差超过0.2rad时,一般需要对其进行补偿以满足常规指标要求;星载系统较机载系统更适合等效相位中心处理,通常可忽略等效相位中心误差的补偿环节。     

游荡型河道横向变迁的研究

通过工程实例,说明了如何采用新老地形图岸边线的比较以及实测岸边线与老地形图岸边线的比较来分析河道变迁范围的可行性。