运动应激对大鼠海马去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺及前体氨基酸的影响

目的：旨在观察运动应激对海马去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺及前体氨基酸的影响。探讨海马对运动应激的反应及运动技能学习的关系。方法：雄性SD大鼠分别直接处死，力竭性跑台运动后即刻和运动后24h处死；高效液相色谱法，测试去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、酪氨酸和色氨酸。结果：与安静组相比，运动后即刻海马内去甲肾上腺素和色氨酸均显著性升高，运动后24h有所下降；安静时大鼠5-羟色胺与色氨酸，及运动后24h去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺及其前体氨基酸间的均呈显著性强相关系；安静时去甲肾上腺素与5-羟色胺相关系数也很高，p=0．055。结论：力竭性跑台运动应激过程中，去甲肾上腺素和5-HT参与应激反应，运动应激后的24h，大鼠海马内的去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、酪氨酸和色氨酸含量及相关关系的个体差异减小，可能与运动技能、记忆形成和保持有关。     

Dogma and dreams: experimental lessons for epilepsy mechanism chasers

Epilepsy mechanism chasers face one major difficulty. Since we don’t know how the normal brain works, we can’t start to understand how the diseased brain fails. Most of today’s hypotheses are based on what we think about ‘normal’ brain function, which may lead to misconceptions, as will be developed here. Furthermore, since there are many different types of epilepsies, some mechanisms may only be relevant to some epilepsies. Here, I shall focus on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) the most common form of partial epilepsy in adults. TLE is often drug resistant, as are 30–40% of all forms of epilepsies. The failure of drug-treatments most likely reflects our lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.Received 10 January 2005; received after revision 3 March 2005; accepted 23 March 2005     

Genetic control of hippocampal cholinergic and dynorphinergic mechanisms regulating novelty-induced exploratory behavior in house mice

Summary Neurobehavioral genetics endeavors to trace the pathways from genetic and eenvironmental determinants to neuroanatomical and neurophysiological systems and, thence, to behavior. Exploiting genetic variation as a tool, the behavioral sequelae of manipulating these neuronal systems by drugs and antisera are analyzed. Apart from research in rats, this paper deals mainly with the genetically-influenced regulation in mice of exploratory behaviors that are adaptive in novel surroundings and are hippocampally-mediated. Special attention is paid to neuropeptidergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic synaptic functions in the mouse hippocampus.The behaviorally different inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 show opposite reactions (reductions and increases, respectively, in exploration rates) to peripheral and intrahippocampal injections with agents that interfere with peptidergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission. These findings can be explained by an interdependent over-release of opioids, arrested GABA release, and excess acetylcholine in the hippocampal neuronal network of DBA/2 mice, as compared to C57BL/6 mice where these systems are functionally well balanced. Very similar results have been obtained with the lines SRH and SRL, derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2, and genetically selected for rearing behavior. Most probably, the opioids act to disinhibit exploratory responses. An additional genetic approach is mentioned, in which four inbred mouse strains and one derived heterogeneous stock are used for estimating genetic correlations between structural properties of the hippocampal mossy fibers and levels of hippocampal dynorphin B, on the one hand, and frequencies of exploratory responses to environmental novelty, on the other.     

家兔海马的细胞构筑和纤维构筑

用七只家兔灌注后取背海马并沿其长轴作横切片,分别进行尼氏法、Weil法、Golgi改良法及Golgi—Деинека镀银法处理,在光学显微镜下观察家兔齿状回的结构、海马的层次、细胞类型及大小、海马中各地区的差异和海马内部进行相互连系的纤维.     

Effects of calcineurin on LTP of rats in vivo

Calcineurin (CN) is thought to play a role in the synaptic plastivity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Based on two LTP models in vivo, a specific inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) of CN was observed, which affected LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rats. The results indicated that CsA blocked LTP induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) partly, but it had no effect on the decrease of the onset and peak latency of population spikes (PS) except that it reduced the increase of the amplitude after HFS. On the other hand, CsA blocked LTP induced by ginsenosides (GSS) completely. It suppressed the GSS-enhanced amplitude of PS reversibly and blocked the decrease of the peak latency of PS induced by the GSS. These results suggest that the postsynaptic CN plays a role in the induction of LTP in the hippocampus of the rats.     

Thermoadaptive influence on reactivity pattern of vasopressinergic neurons in the guinea pig

Summary In cold-adapted guinea pigs, increased amounts of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) immunoreactive material could be visualized in neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, in fibers projecting to the neurohypophysis and in fiber terminals in the ventral lateral septum and in the amygdala. In warm-adapted animals the reactivity to AVP antiserum was poor in all neuronal structures examined. High AVP-immunoreactivity was accompanied by a reduced febrile response to bacterial pyrogen in cold-adapted guinea pigs.     

Ethanol ingestive behavior as a function of central neurotransmission

Summary Uncontrollable alcohol ingestive behavior has been linked to deficits of central neurotransmission. The pineal gland plays an important role in modulating ethanol intake in numerous animal species. The opioidergic (i.e. -endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin) system is involved in both the actions of alcohol and opiates, as well as craving and/or genetic predisposition towards abuse of these two agents. Furthermore, there is significant evidence to link ingestive behaviors with the ventral tegmental accumbens-hypothalamic axis, whereby the biogenic amines dopamine and serotonin are reciprocally involved. Evidence is presented which implicates the striatum and the hypothalamus as possible specific loci for regional differences between alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring mice. We believe that photoperiod-induced alcohol ingestive behavior may involve alterations in both pineal and hypothalamic opioid peptides.     

蕨雌性生殖器官发育的初步研究

以蕨为实验材料，利用电子显微镜研究颈卵器的发育过程，报道了颈卵器发育过程中各种细胞的超微结构变化，蕨孢子接种后，约28d颈卵器表面原始细胞发生，并很快形成中央细胞，中央细胞分裂形成初生腹细胞和初生沟细胞，初生腹细胞进一步分裂形成卵细胞和腹沟细胞，卵细胞进一步发育，以卵细胞的细胞壁的增厚为标志，颈卵器发育成熟，颈卵器颈部顶端细胞打开，成熟的卵细胞准备受精。     

任务背景下腹侧注意功能网络的fMRI研究

基于静息状态的功能磁共振成像(functional MRI,fMRI)已经成为当前人脑功能研究的重要手段之一,本研究采用任务背景来获取一种更为"纯净"的静息状态,其中脑区的"任务背景"被定义为那些不会激活感兴趣脑区的任务.由于到目前为止还不清楚在"任务背景"下人脑除默认网络外的其他"高级"功能网络内部是否被中断,本文研究了人脑听觉背景下腹侧注意网络内部的功能连接.结果表明在听觉背景下该网络内部存在显著的功能连接,这一结果说明简单的感觉任务不会中断人脑的腹侧注意网络.本研究首次证明在任务背景下,除默认网络之外,人脑还有一些高级功能网络内部存在显著功能连接.