Ti-Ni-C系反应超音速火焰喷涂合成研究

以Ti粉、Ni粉和石墨为原料,制备了3种喷涂粉末,研究了制粒方式和粉末组成对超音速火焰合成金属陶瓷涂层组织的影响。结果表明,制粒方式在喷涂过程中对反应程度和涂层相组成起到关键的影响作用,聚乙烯醇(PVA)制粒比混合制粒更有利于喷涂过程中反应的进行,PVA制粒粉末喷涂涂层的相组成为TiC,Ni和少量Ti与Ni的氧化物,混合制粒粉末喷涂涂层中含有大量的氧化物相;超音速火焰喷涂合成过程中,粉末组分中一定量的Ti和Ni被氧化,增加Ni与C的含量对喷涂粉末的氧化有一定的抑制作用。     

强烈段塞流特征参数试验研究

为了寻求强烈段塞流特征参数的变化规律,在高4 m、内径50 mm的管线中利用双平行电导探针测试了强烈段塞流的持液率信号,并用互相关法对其进行了分析,得到了强烈段塞流的液塞速度、液塞长度随气、液相折算速度及下倾管倾角的变化规律。结果表明,当气相折算速度恒定时,随着液相折算速度的增大,液塞速度、液塞长度均线性增大;当液相折算速度恒定时,随着气相折算速度的增大,液塞速度线性增大,而液塞长度呈双曲型减小;当气、液相折算速度恒定时,随着下倾管倾角的增大,液塞速度、液塞长度都稍有增大。     

乙醇─水间歇萃取精馏中溶剂流率的选择及溶剂回收的研究

研究了以乙二醇为溶剂间歇萃取精馏乙醇—水共沸混合物的溶剂流率选择及回收过程.实验得出,乙醇—水体系的相对挥发度随溶剂比的增加而显著增大,水—乙二醇过渡馏分段持续时间很短,在该段时间会出现塔顶温度急剧跃升的现象;当回流比为2:1时,溶剂回收的收率可达到99.33%.     

Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

利用壅塞原理均匀分配高炉各风口的喷煤量

应用纯气体的壅塞原理,对由空气和煤粉组成的气粉两相流的壅塞现象进行了理论和实验研究,提出了一种基于壅塞原理的可均匀分配高炉喷吹煤粉流量的新方法.结果表明,在现有高炉喷煤系统的各输送支管前安装一组具有相同几何尺寸的“喉形喷管”并满足适当压力条件时,两相流将在各喷管内发生壅塞流动.此时,其流速和流量将保持一致且不受后续管路条件不同的影响,从而可起到均化喷煤量的作用.实验测定了质量流量与出口压强的关系,定义了临界压强比可作为判定壅塞发生与否的依据,并找出了临界压强比与固气比之间的变化规律,给出了实用喷管的选择依据和使用条件.     

Ability to detect weak effective seismic signals by utilizing chaotic vibrator system

Taking the advantage of CVS (Chaotic Vibrator System) sensitivity of large-scale periodic phase-state response to quasi-periodic or periodic signals,a series of numerical experiments were made to understand the ability of CVS to detect weak effective seismic signals in the common-shot seismic record distorted by strong stochastic noise. The re-sults demonstrate that the large-scale periodic phase-states of CVS are correlated with the signal composition of the quasi-periodic wavelet sequence constructing from horizontal moveout of seismic events,noise strength and the noise distortion de-gree to signal. For the same kind of events,the higher the noise distortion degree is,the lower the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. For seismic data with the same noise distortion degree,the closer the scanning seismic velocity (the trial moveout ve-locity) approaches to the accurate velocity,the higher the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. More-over,the truncating scanning velocities form an asymmetric belt,which indirectly makes CVS achieve a large-scale periodic phase-state and then the ratio of wavelet distortion coefficients in events can be a biggish variable scope.     

Influence of Damage Evolution on the Failure Surface of Concrete

0 IntroductionTihse a f agilruardeu aolf pcroonccerseste wshuibcjhec itsed ditfofe ernenvitr ofrnommentthale afcatiilounrespatternin general strengthtest .The change of material statescaused by the damage evolution will affect the concretestrengthin a certain kind of concrete.For years ,domestic studies have focused on the effect ofabominable environmental factors on mechanical property ofconcrete,and have resulted in some achievements[1-12]. Thestudies of some current research results reveal …     

不同尺寸混凝土试件受压状态下超声波传播特性研究

研究了不同尺寸混凝土试件在单轴压应力作用下,超声波波速的变化规律.试验所用试件有3种:采用大坝原级配最大骨料粒径为80 mm的棱柱体试件以及相应的湿筛混凝土试件,尺寸分别为25 cm×25 cm×50 cm、15 cm×15 cm×30 cm、10 cm×10 cm×20 cm.通过试验首先得到了加载过程中波速变化与应力水平的关系,然后基于超声波波速定义了损伤变量以评价加载过程中混凝土的损伤程度,并且根据试验提出了一种使用超声波法估测复杂应力下混凝土裂缝开展的方法.试验分析表明,混凝土内超声波衰减规律与骨料尺寸和数量以及试件尺寸等因素有关,所得结论对于评估大体积混凝土结构在复杂应力条件下损伤演变具有一定的应用价值.     

麻黄苗期水分特性初探

用兰州大学生产的ZLZ-4型植物水势仪测定水势,利用美国拉哥公司(LI-COR)制造的LI-6400便携式光合作用系统测定了麻黄的蒸腾速率,分析结果表明:麻黄水势较低,平均为-4.5MP,与梭梭相近,低于所研究的其它15种植物.日变化在-4至-5MP之间,变化曲线比较平缓.麻黄蒸腾速率基本呈单峰型,上午7时最低,下午13时最高,14时有所下降,15时又达到一个高峰值,随即开始稳定下降.19时达到一个较低值.     

前混合水射流超细粉碎煤粒的临界速度

优质的煤粉是制备高性能水煤浆的前提.在准静态条件下,基于弹性力学与Hertz接触理论,分析了前混合水射流超细粉碎煤粒的临界速度,得出了煤粒粉碎的临界速度分别与其杨氏模量的-2次方、泊松比的4次方、最大拉应力的2.5次方及密度的-0.5次方成正比,而与煤粒的直径无关.同时,对山西西山煤样粉碎的临界速度进行了理论计算,得出临界速度为37.42 m/s.该结论有助于物料粉碎机理的深入研究和高效粉碎设备的研制.