水稻抗条纹叶枯病分子标记在不同品种中的扩增比较

以感水稻条纹叶枯病品种＂日本晴＂、高抗品种＂kasalath＂以及14个目前在我国长三角地区水稻生产中被认为在抵抗条纹叶枯病方面具有较好效果的水稻品种为材料,分析比较了14对分子标记引物扩增16个水稻品种基因组获得的DNA产物.结果显示：在14对分子标记引物中,有8对在扩增感病品种＂日本晴＂和高抗品种＂Kasalath＂水稻基因组时可获得多态性条带.因此推断这8个标记可在以这两个品种为亲本的抗条纹叶枯病选育中使用;并且,本研究结果还将为利用本试验收集的14个水稻品种为亲本的分子标记辅助育种提供重要的背景信息.     

Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.     

A statistical method for genetic mapping of sterility genes that exhibit epistasis in remote hybridization of plants using molecular markers in an F2 population

Estimation of the position and effect of sterility genes is an important problem to be solved to understand the sterility mechanism in remote hybridization in plants.In this study,a maximum likelihood (ML) method was used for estimation of the position and effect of sterility genes that exhibit epistasis in an F 2 population using the distorted segregation of markers.The ML solutions for recombination fraction and viability were obtained via an expectation-maximization algorithm.The results of Monte Carlo simulations showed that the estimates of recombination fraction and viability were consistent with their true values.The bias and standard deviation of parameters indicated that a larger sample size,closer linkage and lower viability of sterile genes led to better estimates of the parameters involved.A subset of marker data of the F 2 population derived from a single cross between the rice japonica cultivar Nipponbare and the indica cultivar Kasalath was analyzed using this method.Eight sterility genes were identified on chromosomes 1,3,6,8 and 10,and significant epistasis was detected among four pairs of sterility genes.     

论影响方言话语标记的语境因素

语境是话语分析的必要条件,它对话语的解读起着决定性的作用。尽管大量有关英语话语标记的研究已表明,通过语境有助于交际者更好地理解话语标记在话语生成和理解中所起的作用,但结合语境探讨汉语方言话语标记的研究甚少。语境如何对方言话语标记产生影响?产生影响的因素有哪些?本文通过具体个例对以上两点加以说明,以期对汉语方言话语标记研究有所助益。     

中街山海域渔业动物群落结构的季节变化

针对2011年中街山海域4个航次调查数据,利用相似性指数和多样性指数,对该海域的渔业动物群落结构的季节性变化进行了分析。结果表明：除秋季甲壳类占优势外,各个季节鱼类均为优势类群;从资源密度值变化情况来看,中街山海域夏季CPUE最高,为51．5kg,h;从各个季节生物优势种类组成来看,优势种种类数达17种,其中绝大部分为鱼类,龙头鱼和棘头梅童鱼为3个季节均出现的优势种,优势度最高的季节为秋季,单物种最高生物量比重为26．5％;冬夏两季生物量优势度略低于秋季,单物种最高生物量比例为26．2％和20．2％;春季生物量优势度最低,最高单种生物量比重仅为16．5％。     

两个优良凉蔗品种(系)的ISSR分子鉴别

本研究利用筛选出的10个ISSR 引物对两个甘蔗优良品系的基因组DNA 进行扩增,共扩增出126条条带,多态性比率分别是81.7%和80.2%。从中筛选出3对带型分布均匀、多态性丰富且分辨能力强的引物, 对两个凉蔗品种(系)进行分子标记鉴别。结果表明, 两品种间的谱带基本相同,但均存在02-6和02-186特有的谱带,这表明了两品种间在DNA 水平上存在真实的遗传差异,834、844和846引物利用特殊ISSR 标记的存在或缺失鉴别了两个凉蔗品种(系)。此结果为后续应用分子标记方法鉴别甘蔗品种及选育新品种提供重要依据。     

不同品种马铃薯淀粉及其直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量的测定

对甘肃省主要种植马铃薯品种的淀粉含量以及淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的比例进行了定量分析与比较.结果表明:不同品种马铃薯淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量不同,由此造成不同品种马铃薯淀粉性质的差异.     

西安市南郊公路运输CO_2排放特征及影响因子研究

为查明公路运输CO2浓度的变化特征,分别于2012年7月、8月、11月和2013年4月对西安市南郊长安南路中段近地面大气CO2浓度进行了昼夜观测,并与距离交通线150m处的另一观测点进行对比。观测结果表明,公路运输对近地面大气CO2浓度有着重要影响,交通线旁大气CO2浓度因受车流量影响比距离交通线150m处的观测点高10ppm~20ppm。在日变化上,交通线旁大气CO2浓度呈现出明显的双峰波动,变幅可达80ppm~110ppm;在季节变化上,4月份观测区CO2浓度值最高,7月、8月和11月并无显著差异。此外,大气CO2浓度值与温度呈负相关,而与湿度、气压显著正相关。     

TMU小黑鼠遗传纯度的生化标记基因检测

本文采用同功酶及异构蛋白醋酸纤维素膜电泳法,对分布在TMU小黑鼠9个染色体上的13个生化基因位点进行检测,以观察其在生化基因位点上的遗传纯度及遗传基因分布。结果表明,TMU小黑鼠在检测位点上的等位基因全部为纯合子。进而从生化标记基因的遗传纯度方面证实该品系动物已达到近交系要求。