4种绢蒿属植物的保护酶系统

以温室同步培养的西北绢蒿(Seriphidium nitrosum)、伊犁绢蒿(S. transiliense)、蛔蒿(S. cinum)和纤细绢蒿(S. gracilescens)等4种绢蒿属植物为材料, 对它们生长过程中叶片保护酶系统进行了研究.结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)3种保护酶活性以及可溶性蛋白和MDA含量随植株生长变化显著,叶绿素a/b比率变化平缓,POD和SOD呈极显著正相关,POD和CAT呈显著正相关.根据各指标的变化规律得出4种绢蒿属植物的抗逆性由强到弱为纤细绢蒿＞西北绢蒿＞蛔蒿＞伊犁绢蒿.     

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a narrow leaf mutant in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

A narrow leaf mutant was obtained after T-DNA transformation conducted on a rice variety Zhonghua 11. Several abnormal morphological characteristics, including semi-dwarf, delayed flowering time, narrow and inward rolling leaves, and lower seed-setting, were observed. The rate of net photosynthesis (under saturate light) of flag leaves in the mutant was significantly lower than that of the wild type. Moreover, the leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the mutant flag leaf were lower than those of the wild type at the grain filling stage. It was found that the mutant phenotype was not caused by the T-DNA insertion. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated as nal3(t). A genetic linkage map was constructed using a large F₂ mapping population derived from a cross between nal3(t) and an indica variety Longtefu B with 6 polymorphic markers on chromosome 12 identified from 366 SSR markers by the BAS method. Gene nal3(t) was mapped between the markers RM7018 and RM3331. Fine mapping of nal3(t) locus was conducted with 22 newly developed STS markers based on the sequence diversity around the region harboring nal3(t) between Nipponbare and 93–11, and nal3(t) was finally mapped to a 136-kb region between the STS markers NS10 and RH12-8. Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2006AA10A102), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30600349) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. Y306149)     

走向成熟的唐代游记文学

从中国游记文学发展史的视角 ,就唐代游记文学的演化历程与内在精神展开探讨 ,由此看出 ,唐代是中国游记文学的成熟期。古文运动的兴起与诗性精神的浸润共同推动着唐代游记文学的走向成熟 ,同时也决定了唐代游记文学的内在价值取向。从元结的前奏到柳宗元的高潮 ,以及与此相辉映的中晚唐游记创作 ,共同奠定了唐代游记文学的繁荣局面     

短日照对几种不同光反应型水稻生长发育的影响

以自然日照为对照,在塑料大棚内对比观察了4个不同光反应型水稻品种在生长发育的各阶段对短日照的反应特性。结果表明：早粳晚熟品种、中粳中熟品种在3～4叶龄短日照处理20～30d开始对短日照有反应,主茎叶龄6～7叶时植株对日照长度最敏感,抽穗时间(由播种期到抽穗期的时间)较对照减少约26天;晚熟品种对日照长度反应的时期晚。不同品种的主茎叶片数、株高与抽穗时间成正相关,且达极显著水平,但籼稻品种的相关系数最小。短日照对早粳晚熟品种辽5和中粳中熟品种冀粳8号的穗粒数和结实率的影响很大：在7叶龄5～10d的短日照处理条件下,辽5的穗粒数和结实率与对照相差最小;冀粳8号最适宜的短日处理分别为7叶龄10h短日照处理5～10d,中粳晚熟品种冀糯1号在7叶龄15d的短日照处理条件下,短日照对其穗粒数和结实率的影响最小;6叶龄20d短日照处理对籼稻品种南农大的穗粒数和结实率的影响最小。     

专用春小麦品质调控技术

引用国内外优质春小麦品种,通过对不同品种播期、密度、施肥等与小麦品质关系的研究,提出了区域春小麦优质、高产栽培技术。     

无血清分离人结直肠癌细胞的体外培养形态及标志物表达特征

目的探讨人结直肠肿瘤干细胞在体外分化过程中细胞形态和干细胞相关标志物CD133的表达变化,为进一步研究结直肠肿瘤干细胞分化走向提供实验依据。方法取来源于人结直肠癌的细胞系HCT116,无血清培养分离出CD133+细胞,加血清诱导分化,相差显微镜下观察其形态变化;在未分化状态下无血清培养第7天和14天与血清诱导分化后收集细胞,利用流式细胞仪检测干细胞标志物CD133的表达量,采用激光共聚焦检测CD133表面标记分子的表达。结果 1)细胞形态:无血清培养分离的CD133+细胞,在生长过程中聚集成规则的细胞球,血清诱导后即贴壁生长,贴壁形态与同来源细胞形态一致,且再次无血清悬浮培养后聚集成球稳定生长。2)标志物变化:结直肠肿瘤干细胞未分化时CD133表面标记分子高表达,流式细胞仪检测未分化细胞CD133第7天表达率为(20.4±0.52)%,第14天表达率为(78.5±2.80)%,分化后表达率为(0.50±0.17)%。结论细胞形态和标志物表达改变均表明高表达CD133+的HCT116结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞可定向分化为同源的结直肠癌细胞,CD133+细胞经血清诱导后表达下调而使细胞失去干细胞特性。     

空间环境与模拟微重力环境对高等植物试管苗的影响

在空间环境中,微重力是一个很重要的因素之一,但空间环境又不完全等同于微重力环境,它还同时存在宇宙辐射等其他因素。本文重点探索空间环境与模拟微重力环境对高等植物试管苗细胞亚显微结构的影响,以及同工酶变化和RAPD分子标记的初步结果。通过对高等植物的试管苗(月季、树莓、马铃薯、香石竹、人参果)分别进行的模拟微重力实验及空间飞行实验,发现模拟微重力条件与空间环境对植物试管苗的生长过程中细胞超微结构既有相同的作用,又有不同的作用。     

Phenotypic and genetic variation between two populations of the Chinese yellow pond turtle, Mauremys mutica （Cantor, 1842）

Mauremys mutica (Cantor, 1842) is an endangered species in China. Main phenotypic variations in body color, body weight, body shape, clutch size, egg size, and hatchling size were revealed between the southern and northern populations. Both populations have the phenomenon of "larger male" sexual size dimorphism (SSD), especially in the southern population. Furthermore, genetic variations between the two populations were analyzed by RAPD band patterns of 30 random individuals in each population. The average genetic distance was 0.299±0.108 among the samples of two populations. The average genetic distance between southern and northern populations was 0.305±0.046. Cluster analysis indicated that all the individuals from the southern and northern populations were clustered among themselves to form two distinct clades. A total of 20 population-specific RAPD fragments were scored from 16 primers, and could be used as RAPD markers for distinguishing the southern and the northern population. Based on the nucleotide sequences of two RAPD markers, two pairs of SCAR primers (SC1-S and SC2-S) were designed, which could be used as SCAR markers for the southern population. According to the significant phenotypic and genetic variations, we suggested that the northern population and southern population might be considered as two separate taxa, the "northern taxon" and the "southern taxon", and the conservation should be respectively conducted on the two taxa.     

基于RAPD标记的15种嵩草属(Kobresia Willd.)植物遗传关系

嵩草属(Kobresia Willd.)植物由于其形态结构的多样性及种内变异式样的复杂性,至今仍被认为是分类学上的"困难属".因此,对于该属系统学其他方面的证据,尤其分子方面的研究则显得极为重要和迫切.本文选用21个RAPD随机引物调查了15种嵩草属植物的遗传关系.结果表明:15种嵩草属植物聚为3类,认为嵩草组和异穗嵩草组的建立是比较自然的,而单穗嵩草组的划分并不自然.此外,分子结论并不支持前人发表的K.maquensis为独立新种,建议降为K.setschwanensis的异名.     

甘薯种质资源亲缘关系SRAP标记分析

利用SRAP标记技术对86份甘薯品种亲缘关系进行了分析,实验选用了30对SRAP引物组合,每个引物组合分别产生10～40个扩增带,30对引物共产生了87个多态性条带,平均每对引物组合产生2.9个多态性条带.在遗传距离（GD）为0.81处,可将86个甘薯品种分为A、B、C、D四类.A类包含77个品种,占全部实验材料的89%.结合材料来源的分析结果表明,四川省育成的甘薯种质资源大多聚在一类,表明我省育成的甘薯品种资源的遗传范围还较为狭窄.