Seasonal variation of global stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange

By Wei formula in pressure coordinate, the stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange (STME) is diagnosed globally for 44 years from 1958 to 2001 using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis datasets. Regions of mass flux into the stratosphere are found over Indonesia, bay of Bangladesh and the mid-west coast of South Africa. Compensating mass outflow from the stratosphere appears mainly over mid-latitudes near large-scale troughs. Upward and downward transport of mass at the middle and high latitudes accompany with each other. Mass flux into troposphere is stronger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Strong downward mass flux into the troposphere occurs in eastern Asia the whole year with nearly stable sites. Although the area of eastern Asia accounts for only 5.6% of that of the northern hemisphere (NH), its net mass exchange reaches 15.83% of that of the NH, which means that research on STME of eastern Asia is greatly important to that of the NH and even the global areas. Air across the tropopause enters more from stratosphere to troposphere than that from troposphere to stratosphere, which is possibly related with systematic bias of the assimilated datasets and with persistent rise of the tropopause height. Contributions of the mass exchange and the mass flux exchange in the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) on their latitudes increase from equator to pole, with larger contributions in the NH. Mass exchange and mass flux exchange per areas at high latitudes are larger than that at low latitudes, which means greater mass exchange efficiency at high latitudes.     

西沙蒸发量的时间变化特征及与日照时间和近地面风速的关系

用中国西沙站1962-2004年月蒸发量、日照时间和近地面风速资料,分析了西沙各季节蒸发量的时间变化特征及其与日照时间、近地面风速变化的关系。结果表明:西沙春、夏和冬季蒸发量以年代际变化方差占优,年际变化方差次之;秋季蒸发量的年际变化方差和年代际变化方差相当。四季蒸发量年代际变化与近地面风速、日照时数的年代际变化都有显著的正相关。而蒸发量的年际变化仅与日照时数的年际变化有显著的正相关。四季蒸发量减弱的变化趋势是由近地面风速的减弱和太阳辐射的减少造成的。     

大熊猫精子发生及年龄,季节变化

本文首次系统地对不同季节，不同年龄大熊猫睾丸组织进行了精子发生的细胞学观察，以及曲细精发育的测定。大熊猫精子发生分批进行，在曲细精管切面，从基膜向管腔分别为精原细胞，初级精母细胞，次级精母细胞，精细胞及变态精子。     

Edaphic factors determining variation of two ecotypes of Leymus chinensis in North China

Leymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel .is a type ofperennial ,rhizome grass with biological andecologicalproperties of resisting drought , poor-nutrient andsalt-alkaline stress .L. chiensiscan adapt to manycomplicated habitats due toits highecological plastici-ty.L. chinensisis always distributed as scatteredpatches with either grey-green or yellow-greenleaves. Steppe dominated by this species is widelydistributed at the eastern end of the Eurasian steppezone. Its main locations in China are the Son…     

吉林市圣母洞空气负离子浓度及变化规律

以吉林市圣母洞风景区为测定样点,对6个区域进行了空气负离子水平测定.结果表明:在一段时间观测中,各个样点的空气负离子水平一般在中午前后会出现峰值.各测定样点空气负离子浓度大小顺序为圣母洞>江边>神哲学院>职业病医院>养老院>公路.圣母洞的空气质量最好,其负离子水平的变化幅度远高于其他样点.     

γ射线对大蒜的诱变效应

用γ射线处理三个大蒜品种的鳞茎,VM_1代出苗率及植株存活率降低,生长发育受阻,抽苔率降低,鳞茎变小,并出现形态学畸变,VM_1代主要表现为辐射损伤,不宜进行突变性状选择;VM_2代仍有较严重的辐射损伤,开始出现纯合突变,性状变异范围扩大、变异度增大,抽苔期及质量性状选择可在VM_2进行,但不宜进行株高突变及高产变异类型的选择;VM_3代开始出现鳞茎数量性状有益突变,可以进行高产突变类型选择。     

方形钢管混凝土构件局部屈曲理论分析与试验研究

通过刚性基底上沿非受载边弹性约束、面内均匀受压矩形板屈曲行为的分析研究,用里兹能量变分法建立了满足上述边界条件的板弹性屈曲强度的计算公式.通过考虑内填混凝土对组成钢板边界约束的增强作用,进一步用于方形钢管混凝土局部屈曲强度的计算,计算结果与已有方钢管混凝土柱局部屈曲试验结果基本吻合.图4,表3,参10.     

滇池浮游植物种类的动态变化

 报道2001~2002年对滇池浮游植物群落的调查结果.调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物107种及变种.隶属于6个门.其中绿藻门有50个种及变种,占总种数的47.2%;硅藻门有33个种及变种,占总种数的31.1%;蓝藻门微囊藻属的浮游植物在上数量上占绝对优势,占总数量的84.27%.滇池浮游植物群落是一个蓝藻占绝对优势的蓝藻-绿藻型.浮游植物小型化趋势明显.浮游植物种类在夏初和春天种类较多,秋冬季较少.浮游植物物种的平面分布有一定的差异,但不十分显著.     

喷杆喷雾雾量的分布均匀性

针对喷杆喷雾雾量分布不均的问题,采用数值计算与试验结合,分析了喷杆高度、喷头安装倾角、喷头间距、喷杆水平转动角度及喷杆的垂直和水平振动对雾量分布变异系数的影响,以指导改进喷雾机喷杆设计,改善喷杆喷雾分布均匀性,提高农药利用率.研究发现:增加喷杆的工作高度和喷头间距,可以有效地减小喷杆雾量分布的变异系数;喷头安装倾角在其变化范围内(5°～15°)对水平喷杆雾量分布状态的变异系数影响很小;喷杆的水平转动角度在顺时针变化范围内对雾量分布的变异系数影响逐步加大,但总的变动范围较小;在相同情况下,喷杆的水平振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响要比竖直振动影响大得多;增加喷头数、减小喷头间距或增加喷杆的工作高度,可以有效降低竖直振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响,但对降低水平振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响很小.     

运用人工神经网络方法预报表层岩溶地下水动态

将人工神经网络的理论与方法应用到表层岩溶带地下水动态预报中,从不同角度建立了2个预报BP网络模型,A模型刻画水位与降雨量、蒸发量和泉流量之间的关系,相对误差为±2%;B模型刻画水位自身的变化规律,相对误差为±5%,均可用于预报水位.A,B模型可为表层岩溶水研究及开发利用提供依据.