静态平衡法测定液体饱和蒸汽压实验装置的改进

本文介绍了“静态平衡法测定液体饱和蒸汽压实验”装置的改进 ,它具有操作简便、现象明显易观察等特点 ,数据重现性好 ,对改善实验质量具有明显的效果     

石油馏分在常、减压下汽-液平衡常数的计算

在1.33～101.32 kPa下测定了175个窄馏分油相平衡常数。介绍了测试装置,进行了计算。结果表明:将这类油作为理想体系是不恰当的。以Maxwell-Bonnel图拟合式、对比态Antoine方程及Pitzer-Riedel关联式分别求算饱和蒸汽压P°,并随之用Raoult K值(K=P°/P)计算窄馏分相平衡常数,均未取得满意的结果。提出了两种修正模型,并由实测平衡常数回归修正模型的常效。推荐使用修正的对比态Antoine方程进行低压体系馏分油的汽液平衡计算。该修正模型对温度预测的平均绝对误差为3.45℃;平衡常数预测的平均相对误差为7.32%。     

316奥氏体不锈钢渗N/镀CrN复合改性层组织与性能

分别在400、440、480 ℃下对316奥氏体不锈钢进行12 h的渗氮处理,再对渗氮后的试样进行物理气相沉积(PVD)镀CrN薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪(HSR-2M)、电化学工作站等对复合改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、成分、显微硬度、耐磨性以及耐蚀性进行测试.结果表明:400 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最差,耐蚀性最好;而480 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最好,耐蚀性最差;但比相同温度下单独渗氮试样的综合性能好.     

CaCl2/LiCl改性中孔硅胶的吸附/脱附性能

使用不同的金属盐溶液对中孔硅胶进行改性，并采用间歇式吸附方法研究了水蒸气在硅胶上的吸附动力学实验，利用程序升温脱附技术测定了水在改性硅胶上的程序升温脱附（TPD）曲线并估算了水的脱附活化能，讨论了表面改性对硅胶吸湿性能以及水的脱附活化能的影响．实验结果表明：与C型中孔硅胶相比，经CaCl2或LiCl改性的中孔硅胶，孔容变小而平均孔径变大，在相对湿度（RH）小于80％的范围内，其吸湿性能明显增加，水的脱附活化能也增大；由于Ca^2＋的极化势大于Li^＋的极化势，水分子在经CaCl2改性的硅胶上的脱附活化能要大于其在经LiCl改性硅胶上的脱附活化能．     

主蒸汽管道寿命评估方法的发展现状

综述了国内外迄今提出的关于主蒸汽管道在运行工况下寿命评估的主要方法与作者近年来提出的《蠕变相对变形量判废新准则》、《蠕变损伤强度判废新准则》和《蠕变微孔洞扩张损伤量判废标准》等最新成果。     

气相水解法介孔分子筛MCM-41组装纳米TiO2研究

以水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,在高温气相炉中进行水解,羟基缩合对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行了纳米TiO2的修饰。XRD、FTIR、N2吸附脱附、SEM表征手段对其结构特征的测试结果表明:纳米TiO2不仅进入介孔分子筛MCM-41介孔孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41能够保持有序的孔道结构。     

出口食品和农畜产品中汞的高灵敏度测定方法

研制了循环富集装置，配以冷原子吸收测汞系统，通过各种实验条件优选，建立了痕量汞的分析方法．该方法灵敏，准确，简便易行．     

台湾海峡两岸的降水与地形的关系

本文论述台湾海峡及其两岸降水量的分布。计算了气流的地形垂直速度(地形强迫气流上升的垂直速度)和各层大气的水汽输送量。根据这些计算、分析得到的结果,探讨了台湾海峡及其两岸少雨的原因。     

Synthesis of few layer single crystal graphene grains on platinum by chemical vapour deposition

The present competition of graphene electronics demands an ef fi cient route which produces high quality and large area graphene. Chemical vapour deposition technique, where hydrocarbons dissociate in to active carbon species and form graphene layer on the desired metal catalyst via nucleation is considered as the most suitable method. In this study, single layer graphene with the presence of few layer single crystal graphene grains were grown on Pt foil via chemical vapour deposition. The higher growth temperature changes the surface morphology of the Pt foil so a delicate process of hydrogen bubbling was used to peel off graphene from Pt foil samples with the mechanical support of photoresist and further transferred to Si O2/Si substrates for analysis. Optical microscopy of the graphene transferred samples showed the regions of single layer along with different oriented graphene domains. Two type of interlayer stacking sequences, Bernal and twisted, were observed in the graphene grains.The presence of different stacking sequences in the graphene layers in fl uence the electronic and optical properties; in Bernal stacking the band gap can be tunable and in twisted stacking the overall sheet resistance can be reduced. Grain boundaries of Pt provides low energy sites to the carbon species, therefore the nucleation of grains are more at the boundaries. The stacking order and the number of layers in grains were seen more clearly with scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy showed high quality graphene samples due to very small D peak. 2D Raman peak for single layer graphene showed full width half maximum(FWHM) value of 30 cm-1. At points A, B and C, Bernal stacked grain showed FWHM values of 51.22, 58.45 and 64.72 cm-1, while twisted stacked grain showed the FWHM values of 27.26, 28.83 and 20.99 cm-1,respectively. FWHM values of 2D peak of Bernal stacked grain showed an increase of 20–30 cm-1 as compare to single layer graphene which showed its dispersive nature and con fi rmed Bernal sequence. On the other hand, the slightest decrease in FWHM values of 2D peak in twisted grain comparing to single layer con fi rmed the twisted sequence of grains. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed an increasing trend in grain height pro fi le with an increase in the number of layers.     

压电晶体传感器阵列用于小分子脂肪醇的识别

将多个表面涂有不同选择性吸附材料的压电晶体传感器组成阵列 ,用于小分子脂肪醇同系物及同分异构体的识别。阵列对甲醇、乙醇、 2 -丙醇、 1 -丁醇蒸气的响应频移值采用主成分分析法降维投影 ,在二维空间同种醇聚为一类 ,结果较佳