一种改善La-Mg-Ni贮氢电极合金性能的方法

提出用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)改善La-Mg-Ni贮氢电极合金的综合电化学性能.所选La-Mg-Ni贮氢电极合金为La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.5Co0.5.实验结果表明,用SPS和真空中频感应熔炼制备得到的合金具有近似的最大放电容量.SPS技术增强了合金电极的循环寿命:在经过150次的充放电循环后,用SPS法制备的La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.5Co0.5合金的容量保持率为61.8%;而感应熔炼法得到的合金电极的容量保持率仅为39.6%.同时用SPS技术使合金的放电中值电压增加,放氢平台变宽,平台倾斜度减小.     

高产普鲁兰菌种的诱变与筛选

采用紫外照射法对普鲁兰产生菌出芽短梗霉进行诱变和筛选，得到一株普鲁兰的高产变异株B9，其转化率可达52％．同时，对变异株B9进行菌落形态及发酵的研究．     

分级加载真空预压加固吹填流泥试验研究

在分析高黏粒含量吹填土地基经常规真空预压处理后加固效果差、土体强度增长有限原因的基础上,进行分级加载真空预压和常规真空预压现场大型模型试验,探讨分级加载真空预压对流泥固结、变形的影响及其优势。结果表明:吹填流泥处于泥水混合物状态,具有明显的流动性;分级加载真空预压采用初始较小真空荷载且持续较长时间,有利于减缓排水板周围土体过早积聚、固结,给距离排水板较远处土体充分的排水固结时间,有利于改善整个土体的加固效果,且耗电量仅为常规真空预压的60.8%,具有较高的实际应用价值及经济效益。     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.     

Deep levels,transport and THz emission properties of SiGe/Si quantum-well structures

In coal mines in such countries as China and Russia,most of the coal mine methane(CMM) generated during mining is emitted to the atmosphere without any effective usage,because the methane concentration of CMM is relatively low and not allowed to be used as fuel for safety reasons.Methane is one of the greenhouse gases.Therefore,if it becomes possible to concentrate CMM to an acceptable level for use as fuel,this will greatly contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.With the aim of gaining approva...     

窖泥己酸菌的分离培养与诱变选育

泥窖己酸菌产生的己酸是浓香型大曲酒主体香成分的前体物质之一。从老窖泥中分离纯化出一株产酸能力较高的己酸菌GS5,以其为亲株,通过紫外诱变(照射功率15W,照射距离30cm,时间为3m in),筛选到1株产酸量提高12%的突变株GSUT3,多次继代培养结果表明其产量稳定。研究还发现GSUT3与亲株之间,GSUT3第1代与第8代之间,其生长变化规律和己酸产量的变化规律表现一致。     

应用红细胞光敏模型评价抗光敏中药添加剂

 研究了紫外线或光敏药物单独存在的条件下以及不同照射时间和不同药物浓度条件对模型的影响。建立了长波紫外线诱导光敏药物致使红细胞溶血模型,通过检测红细胞损伤后上清液中的血红蛋白含量,计算溶血率,从而反映细胞损伤程度。结果表明,紫外线低剂量或氯丙嗪单一条件存在时,并不能引起红细胞溶血;当氯丙嗪含量为0.33mg/mL,紫外线照射30min可致红细胞50%溶血,照射60min可使细胞100%溶血。应用此模型对10种中药及植物成分进行检测,筛选出银杏叶提取液、茶多酚和葡萄籽提取液3种具有抗光敏功能的活性成分。其中,银杏叶中主要成分黄酮类物质通过广泛的紫外吸收能力从源头阻止紫外线对细胞膜的损伤,茶多酚、葡萄籽中的多酚类物质通过清除自由基等光产物对细胞膜起到保护作用。     

紫外无线光通信系统研究

紫外光通信是一种极具潜力的近距离通信方式,分析了紫外光大气传输特性和系统信道模型,利用紫外光的散射特性来有实现抗干扰非视距近距离通信这一难题;以紫外LED和光电倍增管分别作为通信系统光源、光电探测器,采用脉冲编码调制和循环冗余编码方式,设计并研制了一套紫外无线光通信系统样机,实现了小角度的实时数据通信,通信速率为9.6 kbps,误码率1%以内,通信距离为5 m以内。     

增压式真空预压法加固海相吹填土现场试验研究

为进一步推动真空预压法在海相吹填土地基中的应用,克服其自身的局限性,探讨增压在真空预压法中所起到的作用,依托温州某吹填工程开展现场试验研究,包括增压式真空预压法和常规真空预压法的现场对比试验,对现场的膜下真空度、表层沉降进行了分析,重点研究加固后增压式真空预压处理后的地基承载力的变化规律和加固效果,并与常规真空预压法进行对比。结果表明显:增压式真空预法加固效果明显,土体深层次承载力有一定程度提高,尤其在吹填面以下1.5~3 m的范围内增压区比常规真空预压区土体强度高。     

4-羟基二芳基希夫碱紫外吸收中的溶剂效应

合成了6个模型化合物4-HO-4’-X-N-(苯亚甲基)苯胺,经~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR进行了分子结构确认.测定了化合物在6种溶剂中的紫外吸收.探讨了取代基和溶剂对其紫外吸收光谱最大吸收波长对应能量ν_(max)的影响.结果表明,基团X对ν_(max)的影响,由取代基基态极性参数σp和激发态取代基参数σ_(CC)~(ex)共同决定;溶剂对ν_(max)的影响,由溶剂在水/正辛醇中分配系数的对数log P和溶剂显色效应参数ET(30)共同表达.此外,二甲亚砜对目标化合物还存在特殊的溶剂效应.