用地球化学特征判别川北含铀砂岩

文章阐述了川北砂岩型铀矿床的地球化学特征。根据能谱测量，用Ｕ，Ｔｈ，Ｋ元素的丰度和比值，获得铀富集的有利条件、不利条件。通过伽马能谱法（测Ｕ，Ｔｈ，Ｋ）和Ｘ射线荧光法（测Ａｓ，Ｂａ），区分含铀浅色砂岩和不含铀浅色砂岩，区分红色砂岩（红色泥岩）与浅色砂岩，缩小川北砂岩找铀矿的范围。     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

高丰度硅-28同位素的分离技术

同位素纯硅片具有特殊的物理性质,在信息技术领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。为获得高丰度28Si,利用国产的高速气体离心机,选择SiF4作为分离的工作介质,对硅同位素进行了离心分离实验。通过单机分离实验,调整气体离心机的有关参数,摸索出适合级联分离的单机参数,同时得到气体离心机分离硅同位素的单位质量数的全分离系数γ0。利用由4台离心机组成的级联,经过6个阶段的分离,得到了28Si丰度达到99.5%的样品。实验结果表明,离心法分离硅同位素是完全可行的。     

Hf isotope composition of zircons and implication for the petrogenesis of Yajiangqiao granite,Hunan Province,China

In the peralumineous granite of Yajiangqiao zircon population can be divided into two groups (i.e. Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ), which were formed in magmatic chamber and in emplacement place, respectively. The Hf isotope compositions of two stages of zircon show that the host magma was essentially derived from crustal material by melting. However, some higher 176Hf/177Hf ratios indicate that the granitic zircons should contain fine crystal of zircon formed in mantle-derived magma. In fact, the backscattered electron imaging and the electron microprobe analysis reveal that there is another type of zircon included within Zircon Ⅰ, which is quite different from Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ in morphology and chemistry. They are considered to be the product of the mantle-derived magma intruded into the granitic magma chamber at the beginning of anatexis. Thus,it is suggested that the formation of Yajiangqiao granite is related to the underplating of mantle magma.     

蒙脱石吸附铀机理实验研究

蒙脱石吸附铀实验研究表明,溶液pH值为5.0~6.0时,蒙脱石对铀的吸附率最大,为55.70%~59.81%;吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,但Freundlich模型更好,相关系数达0.9983;铀吸附动力学可用二级速率方程描述,相关系数达0.9199~0.9876;钾、钠释放可用一级反应动力学方程描述,相关系数在0.8782~0.9929之间;蒙脱石吸附铀主要是表面吸附.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail shell carbonate

Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies (organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau, China have been measured. The result shows that δ 13C values range from -13.1‰ to -4.3‰ for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰ to -18.0‰ for the soft body samples. Although the shells are enriched in 13C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰, the shell δ 13Ca values are closely correlated to the body δ 13Corg values, expressed as δ 13Ca = 1.021 δ 13Corg 14.38 (R = 0.965; N = 31). This relationship indicates that δ 13Ca is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope composition. In other words, carbon isotope compo-sition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary 13C abundance of the land snails. The data also support that the 13C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO2, HCO3-in the hemolymph and shell aragonite, and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

北海市经济贝类基本成分和碳氮生源要素含量测定分析

广西沿海贝类资源丰富，在海洋渔业和海洋生态系统中意义重大。为获取用于开展贝类增养殖容量评估，构建食物链网、生源要素和能量流动模型，以及开展北部湾海域海洋牧场建设和碳汇渔业评估的基础数据，本研究对北海市常见的14种经济贝类进行相关数据的测定与分析。实验对从北海市市场收集的14种经济贝类的壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)或壳高(SH)、体质量(BM)、壳质量(SM)、软体部质量(MSP)进行测量，并同时对软体部的水分、粗蛋白、能量、碳和氮的含量及稳定同位素丰度等进行测定。实验结果表明，不同贝类的出肉率差别较大，贝壳较薄的大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima)和缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)等可超过70%。双壳贝类的软体部含水率均超过85%，腹足类的软体部含水率不超过81%。贝类的有机碳含量为39.77%-47.36%，氮含量为8.25%-11.80%。双壳贝类中尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta)δ¹³C最低,华贵栉孔扇贝(Chalamys nobilys)的δ¹³C最高；双壳贝类中华贵栉孔扇贝的δ¹⁵N最低,等边浅蛤(Macridiscus aequilatera)的δ¹⁵N最高。软体部能量含量为16.11-20.81 kJ/g。双壳贝类软体部能量含量(E,kJ)与其壳长(SL,cm)的关系符合指数模型E=a×e^b×SL,腹足类软体部能量含量(E,kJ)与其壳高(SH,cm)的关系符合指数模型E=a×e^b×SH；软体部能量含量(E,kJ)与体质量(BM,g)的关系符合线性公式E=a×BM+b。不同种类的贝类的基本成分和生源要素的特征存在差异，与已有文献报道不同海区的同种贝类相关数据也存在较大差异。因此，在进行生态学相关研究时，数据的收集非常重要，借鉴相关物种的数据要非常谨慎。     

类锂原子体系基态和激发态的比质量移位

用全实加关联波函数计算了类锂原子体系（核电荷3～10）的基态ls22s和激发态ls2nl（l=s，p，d，f；n≤5）的比质量移位．与实验数据及其它理论结果的比较表明，全实加关联方法适用于计算对电子关联效应特别敏感的物理量．