上扬子地区震旦—寒武纪磷块岩岩石学特征及成因分析

采用古地理、岩石学、有机地球化学、地球化学分析的方法,对上扬子区晚震旦陡山沱组和早寒武牛蹄塘组不同类型的磷块岩进行了研究。认为早寒武世早期古陆遭受风化,被剥蚀下来的产物成为潮坪型磷块岩的主要磷质来源,在碳酸盐岩台地发生的热点活动和上升洋流从盆底深部带来的磷质,共同作为台地型磷块岩的磷源,盆地型磷块岩的磷质同样是由热点活动和上升流携带至缺氧的沉积环境中,通过藻类或微生物的富集作用成岩,并保留了较高的有机碳含量。     

Late quaternary upper-water column structure in upwelling areas of the South China Sea

Based on a quantitative analysis of planktonic foraminifera in two gravity cores (17928 and 17954), the history of the upper-water structure of the eastern and west ern slopes of the South China Sea (SCS) over the last 220 Ka was reconstructed using the transfer function technique. Our results show that lower sea surface temperature (SST) and shallower depth of thermocline (DOT) exist at Core 17928, off Luzon, in the glacial periods; on the contrary, the same situation turned up in the interglacial at Core 17954, off Vietnam. These changes of the upper-water column structure in the two areas are induced by coastal upwelling, which in turn is driven by monsoons, namely, winter monsoon leads to upwelling at the eastern slope, and summer monsoon gives birth to upwelling on the western slope. Moreover, the intensity of upwellings is also closely related to the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. Therefore, we assume that the changes of the upwelling in the two sites indicate strengthenning of winter and summer monsoon during the glacial and inter glacial periods, respectively.     

Seismic P-wave tomography in eastern Tibet: Formation of the rifts

For better studying the relationship between the rifts and deep structure, a detailed P-wave velocity structure under eastern Tibet has been modeled using 4767 arrival times from 169 teleseismic events recorded by 51 portable stations. In horizontal slices through the model, a prominent low-velocity anomaly was detected under the rifts from the surface to a depth of ~250 km; this extends to a depth of ~400 km in the vertical slice. This low-velocity anomaly is interpreted as an upper mantle upwelling. The o...     

Reef and coral communities of Oman,with a description of a new coral species (Order Scleractinia,genus Acanthastrea)

The coastline of Oman extends 2000 km from 16.5°N to 26.5°N in the north-west Indian Ocean. Most of it is long, exposed sandy beach or mixed sand and shallow rocky areas subject to severe scour, and there is a seasonal, cold-water upwelling whose influence increases towards the equator. Three areas of the mainland support corals, separated by long stretches of shallow sandy or muddy sublittoral. Three categories of coral or reef development are recognized: (A) coral reefs develop with characteristic profiles of reef flat and reef slope; (B) corals provide framework but there is no reef growth and no characteristic reef profile; and (C) no true reef development occurs, but mixed coral/phaeophyte communities are attached directly on to old, often non-limestone substrate. A and B are common in the north and central regions but are rare in the south. Type C is found in the centre and especially the south where the poor reef development is more typical of marginal, high-latitude coral areas. Ninety-one coral species from 47 genera were recorded (77 species from 37 genera being zooxanthellate), although diversity declines towards the equator. Regional comparisons show the Oman fauna to be fairly similar (up to 63% similariy) to that of the Arabian Gulf, but relatively dissimilar to faunas of the Gulf of Kutch (20%) and Lakshadweep (35%), the only other areas known to have significant amounts of corals in the Arabian Sea. A new species of Acanthanstrea with calices 5–8 cm wide is described.     

Dynamic mechanism of the upwelling on the west side of the submerged river valley off the Changjiang mouth in summertime

Based on the analysis of the field observation data off the Changjiang mouth in August 2000 and satellite image of sea surface temperature (SST) in summer of 1997, it indicates that there exists the upwelling event on the west side of the submerged river valley (SRV) off the Changjiang mouth. The calculated results of the three-dimensional numerical model show that this upwelling is induced by the barotropic effect, baroclinic effect, bottom Ekman effect and their interaction with the slope bottom topography. The baroclinic effect is the main cause producing the upwelling at the northern SRV (on the east side of the South Passage of the Changjiang estuary), while the barotropic effect is the main cause at the southern SRV (on the east side of the center of the Hangzhou Bay mouth). The dynamic mechanism producing the upweiling off the Changjiang mouth is different with the general one along coast and on the continental shelf.     

夏季东海陆架浮游植物类群结构对不同风场条件的响应分析

为探讨东海的主要物理过程对浮游植物生物量和类群结构的时空分布影响,采用高效液相色谱法分析2006年和2011年夏季东海陆架条件下的浮游植物光合色素的组成及含量,并通过CHEMTAX对浮游植物群落的结构进行分析。结果表明,不同风场条件下东海浮游植物生物量和类群结构均有显著差异。在2006年夏季航次,受弱西北风的控制,长江冲淡水向外延伸面积较大,东海陆架叶绿素a的平均浓度为1 228.6ng/L,主要特征光合色素多甲藻素(Peri)、19-己酰基氧化岩藻黄素(19-hex)、19-丁酰基氧化岩藻黄素(19-but)、玉米黄素(Zea)和二乙烯基叶绿素a(DV-Chl.a)相对较高,浮游植物以硅藻(41%)和甲藻(16%)为主要优势类群;2011年夏季航次,受强东南风影响,底层低温高盐水涌升现象明显,东海陆架叶绿素a(Chl.a)的平均浓度(2 677.9ng/L)比2006年高一倍,叶绿素b(Chlb.)、青绿藻素(Prasino)、新黄素(Neo)和别藻黄素(Allo)等光合色素浓度相对较高,硅藻(60%)在浮游植物群落中占主要优势。