Constraining the Ediacaran oceanic dissolved organic carbon reservoir: Insights from carbon isotopic records from a drill core from South China

The evolution of the atmospheric oxygen content through Earth’s history is a key issue in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. There were at least two oxygenation events in the Precambrian that involved fundamental changes in both biotic innovation and the surface environment. However, a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool maintained in deep oceans during the Neoproterozoic may have extended the time interval between the two oxygenation events. To test the DOC hypothesis, we conducted detailed micro-drilled analyses of carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13C_carb) of a long Ediacaran drill core (the Wangji drill core), for which whole-rock δ13C_carb and organic carbon isotope (δ13C_org) records were available. The micro-drilled δ13C_carb values obtained in this study are consistent with whole-rock δ13C_carb results, precluding the influence of severe authigenic carbonate incorporation. Importantly, the multiple negative δ13C_carb excursions in the Wangji drill core were likely linked with upwelling events, during which DOC was supplied to the surface water and oxidized. Using box models, we estimate that ~3.6 × 1019 mol and ~2.0 × 1019 mol DOC were converted to bicarbonate during two negative δ13C_carb excursions spanning millions of years. The estimations are approximately 1000 times the modern marine DOC reservoir. Our results support a relatively high oxidation capacity (elevated atmospheric pO₂ and/or oceanic [\begin{document}${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$\end{document}]) of the Earth’s surface during the early Ediacaran Period.     

Post-collisional lithosphere delamination of the Dabie-Sulu orogen

The consistence between the first rapid cooling time (226-219 Ma) of the untrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation time (205-220 Ma) of the syncollisional granites in the Qinling and Sulu areas suggests that the first rapid cooling and uplift of the UHPM rocks may be related to breakoff of subducted plate. Therefore the second rapid cooling and uplift (180-170 Ma) of the UHPM racks needs a post-collisional lithosphere delamination which resulted in the granitic magmatism with an age of about 170 Ma. In addition, the rapid rising of the Dabie dome in the early Cretaceous (130-110 Ma) and the corresponding large-scale magmatism in the Dabie Mountains need another lithosphere delamination. The geochronology of the post-collis- ional mafic-ultramafic intrusions and geological relationship between the mafic-ultramafic intrusions and granites suggest that partial melting was initiated in the mantle, and then progressively developed in the crust, suggesting a mantle upwelling underneath the Dabie Mountains. The unusual fractional trend of the gabbros characterized by lower SiO2 content (46.24%) corresponding to lower MgO content (4.53%) and their typical geochemistry features of the lower crust suggest underplating of the mantle derived magma and interaction between the magma and lower crust before their intrusion. Lithosphere delamination could be the dynamic cause of the mantle upwelling and underplating. The seismic tomography results of the Dabie Mountains and adjacent areas clearly show lithosphere thinning below the north and south sides of the Dabie Mountains. Because there is no Cenozoic magma event in the Dabie Mountains, the lithosphere thinning may result from delamination of thickened lithosphere mantle after collision. In addition, both the lower velocity zone in the 40 km depth and the basin + dome + basin coupling relationship in the Dabie Mountains also suggest the lithosphere delamination and underplating on the two sides of the orogen.     

南海成因模式述评

南海的构造演化与其周边的板块构造运动有密切关系,一直是地学研究的热点问题。现对中外学者关于南海成因模式的观点、模式进行综述分析,讨论涉及主动成因10种,被动类成因7种,涉及代表性观点20个,每一观点都能合理解释一些宏观地质现象,也都与另一些地质现象相悖,还需要进一步修正、发展或用新的资料来验证。这是南海研究日趋成熟的表现,未来将会逐渐各个学说融合发展。从史学的角度讨论了"南海观点"之演变,认为未来主要趋向是研究方法多元化、精细化、定量化,认为南海与周围地块之间主被动关系研究、东南亚盆地群响应序列之间对比、岩石圈结构学、区域岩石发展史、不同学说的动力学定量对比与评价是未来的主要研究关注点,并充分考虑外围被动因素,融合南海的发育历史,并将中生代南海的岩石圈禀赋及历史融于其中是南海成因模式研究的重要方向。     

汕尾外侧冷水跨陆架输送的形成机制

采用三维斜压非线性海洋模型(regional ocean rnodeling system,ROMS),设计1个标准模式和2个理想实验.研究汕尾外侧冷水跨陆架输送的影响因子并估算其量值.标准模式中汕尾外侧存在高密冷水团在陆坡处涌升并向内部陆架输运,且在等深线向岸辐聚凸起(等深线曲率变化显著)区域跨等深线运动最强.理想实验说明影响汕尾外侧冷水跨陆架输送的影响因子主要是对流和底部Eknan作用.采用理论公式分别估算对流和底部Eknan作用产生的跨陆架流速.结果显示等深线辐聚凸起区域的跨陆架输送受对流和底部Ekman作用共同控制,且对流的作用更大;等深线变化平缓区域的跨陆架运动主要受底部Ekman作用的影响.     

根据MODIS数据研究海岸河口水域上升流现象

基于MODIS数据反演得到Mackenzie河口2007年8-9月海洋表面温度分布,结合该河口Pelly气象站实测风速、风向数据,分析Mackenzie河口水域的上升流特点,重点分析上升流的产生条件、发展、强度,以及它们随纬度、风向及风速的变化关系。结果表明：当东向风(160o~200o)吹刮时间长于半天时,即有上升流产生,且东风时(180o)最强烈;东向风持续吹刮时,风速越大,上升流现象越强烈、影响范围越广。     

Variations in upper water structure during MIS 3 from the western South China Sea

Core 17954 is located in the modern summer upwelling area in western South China Sea, its sediments recorded the variations of upwelling generated by East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) during MIS 3. Based on the strict age model of AMS 14C dating, the paleo-Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Salinity (SSS) are reconstructed by pairing Mg/Ca-Paleothermometer and δ 18o of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white s.s.). Results show that in Core 17954, the δ 18O record of G.ruber has sig- nificant mill...     

江苏近海的环流动力研究进展

江苏海域地形复杂,既有中部的辐射沙洲地形,又有北部的海州湾水下浅滩地形,具有特殊的海洋动力条件.全面了解江苏沿海的环流动力机制,包括江苏近海的冷水锋、江苏外海的冷水团、沿岸流、海州湾和吕泗海区的上升流以及江苏近海的激流现象等,以便进一步研究江苏沿海的地形形成的动力机制,这对于江苏沿海的开发利用具有很大的实用价值.     

扬子五峰组上升流相烃源岩沉积特征

五峰组层状含放射虫硅质类地层是下扬子地区所发育的区域性优质烃源岩之一,为前陆挠折滞流盆地边缘斜坡上升流沉积产物.受上升流强度和阵发周期频率的控制,形成了多个厚度呈周期性变化、硅质生物组成略有不同的硅质岩和硅质页岩互层韵律沉积.五峰组沉积时期,水体缺氧程度高,有机质组成以无定形为优势,原始生烃潜力高,低等藻类和其它浮游生物是其主要生源.受上升流影响,硅质岩和硅质页岩沉积时期有机质的保护机制存在差异,有机质富集程度主要与粘土矿物对有机质较强的吸附和保护能力以及氧化硅矿物转化过程中有机质的损失相关.     

基于遥感资料的夏季广东沿岸上升流分布特征

【目的】研究广东沿岸夏季上升流的时空变化规律及其对沿岸区域气候的影响。【方法】采用Sobel梯度算法,综合MODIS海表温度和QuikSCAT海面风场资料对2003年夏季广东沿海上升流的范围、强度、持续时间等时空分布特征进行综合分析。【结果】广东沿岸海域存在明显的上升流现象,整体呈现强弱强的特征,在7月初出现具有明显上升流特征的低温表层水,至7月底低温水活动减弱至最低,于8月初又存在一个增强的过程;同时,上升流并非始终稳定存在。【结论】对比海表温度数据和风场资料可以发现,上升流的强度、持续时间等与风场的变化存在密切联系,风场是上升流的一个重要影响因素,此外,沿岸水团的分布也是影响广东沿岸上升流空间分布的重要因素。     

沿岸上升流数值模拟

以珠江口以东沿岸海区为例，用有限元法对沿岸上升流作了数值模似，方程采用一种简单的两层分层模式．为消除噪声干扰，采用非协调单元，并提出了改善其协调性的方法