非饱和土渗透值计算中的水土势函数

给出了在非饱和土渗透数值计算中涉及到的水土势函数的一般形式,以及水土势函数的各阶导数,提供给非饱和渗透数值计算使用·     

烯烃捕获不饱和卡宾及其反应机理的研究

介绍了一种制备不饱和卡宾的新的方法，即用1，1-二氯代烯烃与金属钠反应，产生的不饱和中间体用烯烃进行捕获．对捕获的产物经IR，GC—MS及^1HNMR等分析鉴定后证实，各产物主要是通过卡宾中间体或类卡宾中间体与烯烃加成反应或重排反应而得到．     

污染物在二层非饱和土中运移过程综合分析

假设填埋场下部为具有压实黏土衬里（CCL）、下卧土层及含水层的三层结构体系,基于Richards方程,在稳态渗流下,得到了CCL与下卧土层体积含水率的解析解.依据污染物在多孔介质中运移机制,建立了污染物在包含两层非饱和土层的三层结构体系中运移的一维计算模型.在计算模型中分别考虑了CCL的非线性吸附特性、污染物运移过程中的生物降解特性、垃圾的生物降解特性等.采用所建立的数学模型,对某一假想填埋场进行了具体计算,通过变动参数计算与分析,探讨了各种因素对污染物运移的影响.计算结果表明,非饱和土层的吸附与生物降解可显著影响污染物运移,特别是CCL的吸附与生物降解特性影响更为显著,为污染物运移的控制因素.非饱和土的体积含水率较大时,含水率变化对污染物运移影响较小.     

Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

超支化不饱和聚(酰胺-酯)的改性及热分解动力学

采用不同链长的十四酰氯和十八酰氯对超支化不饱和聚(酰胺-酯)(MHBP)的端羟基进行原位端基改性,制备出2种改性超支化聚合物,用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、黏度法等对其结构及性能进行表征,并研究了它们的热分解行为及其热分解动力学.结果表明,其热分解反应不是一级反应,改性超支化聚合物的热稳定性与末端烷烃链的长度有关,用Ozawa法求出了热分解表观活化能.     

温度效应对非饱和土壤中湿分迁移影响的实验

在多种条件下,对非饱和多孔土壤中温度和湿分分布的动态特性进行了实验研究,分析了温度效应对水分运移的影响.结果表明:温度对土壤水分含量的影响显著,随着温度升高,土壤持水性降低,水分含量明显降低;在周期性变化的土壤温度的作用下,土壤水分含量则呈周期性变化;土壤润湿度与温度变化幅度共同决定温度效应对土壤湿分迁移的影响程度,由温度和温度梯度引起的湿分迁移在含水量中等程度的土壤中作用明显.     

主链型不饱和聚磷酸酯交联体系体外降解性能

研究了主链重复结构单元中含富马酸酯的不饱和聚磷酸酯（UPPE）与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）交联体系的体外降解过程,采用扫描电镜观察了降解一定时间后试样断面的形态结构．结果表明：交联体系试样是按照先表层、后中心。由外至内的规律进行降解,降解过程包括表层扩散溶出和基体降解两部分．在表层扩散溶出占主导阶段。交联试样中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）和NVP快速溶出,试样失重明显,试样吸水率、长度、直径也迅速增大;在基体降解占主导阶段,试样降解比较缓慢,试样失重、吸水率、长度和直径变化较小．     

花椒籽开发利用研究进展

综述了花椒籽的结构及主要成分,对比了花椒籽油的几种生产工艺,包括传统的压榨法、浸提法和超临界萃取法,介绍了花椒籽在食用、药用、工业方面的应用,并指出改进花椒籽油提取工艺;合理利用花椒籽残渣;开展花椒籽油联合精制工艺及其抗氧化性的研究是今后的研究重点。     

氯桥酸酐合成自熄性防腐聚酯树脂的研究

研究了氯桥酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、乙二醇、二丙二醇和苯乙烯等为原料制备防腐阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的工艺条件.结果表明,氯桥酸酐配比可达50%以上,反应温度160~180℃,反应时间20 h,催化剂量为0.1%~0.25%.以过氧化苯甲酰为固化剂,于50~60℃固化45 h,80~9℃固化20 h,获得性能优良的树脂,当其氯含量大于20%时,具有较强的阻燃能力.该树脂在多种强腐蚀介质中相当稳定,特别适用于含湿氯气等强腐蚀性场所防腐.