Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

主链型不饱和聚磷酸酯交联体系体外降解性能

研究了主链重复结构单元中含富马酸酯的不饱和聚磷酸酯（UPPE）与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）交联体系的体外降解过程,采用扫描电镜观察了降解一定时间后试样断面的形态结构．结果表明：交联体系试样是按照先表层、后中心。由外至内的规律进行降解,降解过程包括表层扩散溶出和基体降解两部分．在表层扩散溶出占主导阶段。交联试样中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）和NVP快速溶出,试样失重明显,试样吸水率、长度、直径也迅速增大;在基体降解占主导阶段,试样降解比较缓慢,试样失重、吸水率、长度和直径变化较小．     

超支化不饱和聚(酰胺-酯)的改性及热分解动力学

采用不同链长的十四酰氯和十八酰氯对超支化不饱和聚(酰胺-酯)(MHBP)的端羟基进行原位端基改性,制备出2种改性超支化聚合物,用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、黏度法等对其结构及性能进行表征,并研究了它们的热分解行为及其热分解动力学.结果表明,其热分解反应不是一级反应,改性超支化聚合物的热稳定性与末端烷烃链的长度有关,用Ozawa法求出了热分解表观活化能.     

Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is the last enzyme in the fatty acid elongation cycle. Unlike most enzymes in this essential pathway, ENR displays an unusual diversity among organisms. The growing interest in ENRs is mainly due to the fact that a variety of both synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds are shown to specifically target their activity. The primary anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, and the broadly used antibacterial compound, triclosan, both target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the diversity of ENRs, and their inhibitors in the light of current research progress. Received 3 November 2008; received after revision 5 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008     

氯桥酸酐合成自熄性防腐聚酯树脂的研究

研究了氯桥酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、乙二醇、二丙二醇和苯乙烯等为原料制备防腐阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的工艺条件.结果表明,氯桥酸酐配比可达50%以上,反应温度160~180℃,反应时间20 h,催化剂量为0.1%~0.25%.以过氧化苯甲酰为固化剂,于50~60℃固化45 h,80~9℃固化20 h,获得性能优良的树脂,当其氯含量大于20%时,具有较强的阻燃能力.该树脂在多种强腐蚀介质中相当稳定,特别适用于含湿氯气等强腐蚀性场所防腐.     

野生植物木了种子油中脂肪酸成分分析

利用薄层层析法和气相色谱法对野生植物木了种子油中脂肪酸成分进行了分离、鉴定和含量测定，得知木了种子油中含量较高的脂肪酸有油酸４３．２％，亚油酸２７．４％，软脂酸２１．７％。     

脱氢松香基12位芳基取代衍生物的合成与光学性质

以歧化松香为原料,将其纯化得到脱氢松香酸,用硫酸二甲酯酯化后,通过12位溴代、7位氧化、13位硝化得到7-羰基-12-溴-13-硝基脱氢松香酸甲酯(5),5与4种芳基硼酸经钯催化的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,得到一系列脱氢松香基12位芳基取代衍生物。采用核磁共振谱、质谱、红外光谱等测试技术对产物进行了结构表征,并对其紫外光谱、荧光光谱等光学性质进行了初步的研究。     

溴代双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂的阻燃机理

利用TGA、DSC、热解-电导率仪,研究了文题内容。实验结果说明了溴的引入,使树脂具有良好的阻燃性,当溴含量大于7.63%(wt)时,树脂即能自熄。溴使树脂热解过程成碳倾向增加,分解生成的溴化氢是有效的自由基捕获剂。三氧化二锑和溴同时引入,对阻燃具有协同效应。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

漆酶催化不同小分子物质改善纤维性能

以紫丁香醇和L–苯丙氨酸作为酚类物质和氨基酸的代表物质,比较了漆酶/酚类物质和漆酶/氨基酸对OCC(废瓦楞箱板纸)纸浆纤维表面性能的改善效果.使用红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、纤维形态分析对纤维表面形貌进行观察.并对漆酶和小分子物质共同处理后的OCC纸浆进行物理性能检测.纤维形态分析和表面电镜的测定证明了酚类物质和氨基酸可以接枝到纤维表面,表现为纤维粗度增加,纤维表面出现沉积物及纤维间连接膜生成,从而提高成纸强度,特别是湿环压强度提高更为明显.