有限元法在电机温度场仿真中的运用

运行的超声电机会产生温升,过高的温升对超声电机的机械特性及使用寿命都有较大影响。本文首先通过实验证明压电陶瓷元件发热和摩擦层摩擦发热是超声电机温升的主要热源;然后,分别以压电陶瓷元件发热和摩擦层摩擦发热为热源,建立其相应的温度场热分布模型。并用有限元软件分别对压电陶瓷元件发热场和接触摩擦发热场进行仿真计算。计算结果表明,压电陶瓷片发热源部分,热量最大处为压电陶瓷片粘贴面的内圈;接触摩擦发热中,摩擦产生的热量集中在接触表面。     

超声波条件下合成小粒度4A沸石

在超声波条件下进行了小粒度4A沸石的合成,考察了晶化温度、晶化时间及超声波功率对产品合成的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件,并对产品进行了XRD,SEM和离子交换性能表征.超声波条件下合成的4A沸石产品钙离子交换容量为359 mg/g,镁离子交换容量为186 mg/g,白度为95,平均粒度为2.54 μm,其性能明显优于传统水热法制得的产品.     

行波超声波电机定子固有频率分析及实验

应用有限元方法,建立行波型超声波电机的定子结构的有限元模型,分析定子齿高、齿宽与槽宽比等不同结构参数对定子固有频率和定子振动的影响.结果表明,定子环从"无齿"到"有齿"变化,固有频率下降较快;随着齿高的增加,固有频率变化趋缓,却有助于增大振幅、提高电机转速;齿宽和槽宽比在设计时,宜取大于1.在自行研制的实验平台上,对所设计制作的行波型超声波电机样机的定子频率进行实验测定,发现有限元分析与实验测试结果相符合.     

Recent results on hydrogen and hydration in biology studied by neutron macromolecular crystallography

Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described.     

浮区法制备金红石单晶及其光谱特性

采用锐钛矿型二氧化钛为原料, 通过浮区法制备金红石型二氧化钛单晶. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）和拉曼散射（Raman）测试, 对单晶体的结构进行表征, 表明晶体为典型的金红石相. 在Raman光谱中可观测B_1g(143 cm^-1),E_g(446 cm^-1),A_1g(605 cm^-1)和B_2g(826 cm^-1)4个Raman活性模, 并观测到可能属于2级Raman散射峰, 如273,316,327,519,700 cm^-1.     

含乙烯基基团的聚硅烷的合成与表征

以甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷为单体,采用超声钠缩合法合成聚(甲基-乙烯基)硅烷;在此基础上,采用相同的方法,变化单体以甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷和甲基苯基二氯硅烷为原料,合成了共聚硅烷和有一定程度交联的聚甲基乙烯基硅烷,并对它们用FT-IR,1HNMR,UV,TGA进行了表征.结果表明,聚(甲基-乙烯基)硅烷产物产率从2%提高到了28%;各种产物聚硅烷中均含有大量乙烯基基团,有利于进一步进行其他官能化反应.     

Ag膜的取向测定

利用不对称布拉格反射STD（sample tilting diffraction）扫描模式与常规CBD（conventional Bragg diffraction）扫描模式,确定Ag膜的结构及取向。     

基于ULS、 TLS和超声测高仪的天然次生林中不同林冠层树高估测

【目的】应用不同数据源分析不同林冠层中探测提取树高的异同,探索适用于中国北方天然次生林树高估测的方法。【方法】以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场中林施业区0.25 hm²样地为研究区域,基于无人机激光雷达(unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning, ULS)、地基激光雷达(terrestrial laser scanning,TLS)和Vertex IV超声测高仪实测单木树高,根据冠层高度分布(canopy height distribution, CHD)对林冠层进行分层,对不同林冠层(上层和下层)、不同树木类型(针叶树和阔叶树)探测提取的树高进行对比与分析。【结果】由CHD计算得到的冠层分层阈值为8.5 m。树高的离群值大多产生在林冠上层,阔叶树比针叶树更容易产生离群值,ULS比TLS更容易产生离群值。在林冠上层,ULS比TLS估测树高的相对均方根误差(rRMSE)低2.56%,ULS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低2.68%;在林冠下层,ULS仅能探测到少量树木,ULS比TLS探测提取树高的 rRMSE高6.31%,TLS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低1.16%。【结论】针叶树的树高估测精度普遍高于阔叶树;当TLS和ULS均能对单木进行完全扫描时,具有准确提取树高的潜力;树高离群值多由冠型不规则或相互交叉的阔叶树产生,而大部分针叶树,由于具有规则的冠型,所以产生的离群值较少;基于CHD对林冠层进行划分能够较好地反映不同数据源估测树高的适用范围,具有一定的推广意义。     

The radial self-positioning algorithm of intelligent ultrasonic probe array in oil/gas pipeline

The working principle of the pipeline intelligent pig and the structure of ultrasonic probe array used to detect defects in oil/gas pipeline are introduced.The effects of the array'S radial position in pipe on defect resolution are analyzed.The causes leading to radial positioning error are investigated.An algorithm for the radial self-positioning is presented.The experimental results show that the radial self-positioning algorithm can eliminate the array'S space position error effectively and improve the defect resolution.     

He—Ne激光对鲱鱼DNA X射线衍射谱的影响

用He-Ne激光处理鲱鱼DNA，测试处理前后鲱鱼DNA的X射线衍射谱。结果显示处理前后鲱鱼DNA的X射线衍射谱发生了明显变化。为激光生物学效应的机理解释提供了实验依据。