High precision topographic data on Lop Nor basin's Lake "Great Ear" ? and the timing of its becoming a dry salt lake

High precision elevation measurements using DGPS were carried out along three representative tran- sects for the "Great Ear" area, a dry salt lake within the Lop Nor basin. Results indicate that the Lop Nor basin is only 5.2 m deep and its lowest point occurs at the center of the "Great Ear". In addition, the basin is asymmetric - steeper in the southwest (0.19‰) and gentler in the northeast (0.09‰). Points along the same "Great Ear" ring were found to have an identical elevation value, but different when from different ones (lower towards the center). The spacing of the "Great Ear" rings was found to be closely related with the surface steepness. The closer the "Great Ear" rings are spaced, the steeper the ground surface, and vice versa. These findings support the argument that the "Great Ear" rings are the former shoreline trails left behind by Lop Nor water during the last few episodes of recession towards its total dry up. A comprehensive analysis of the high precision elevation data, historical accounts, aerial and satellite photographs and imagery, and official topographic maps of the study area suggests that the "Great Ear" area in the Lop Nor basin was incorrectly mapped as being covered by a great body of water on the 1963 topographic maps. A re-interpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs and newer remote sensing imagery indicated that the "Great Ear" ring structure was already in place in 1958 and it continued to appear on the subsequent remote sensing data without any major changes. It is estimated that lake water in the "Great Ear" area of the Lop Nor basin disappeared between the late 1930s and early 1940s.     

中立型时滞双曲微分方程的振动准则

建立了一类中立型非线性时滞双曲微分方程的若干新的振动准则,结论推广和改进了一些文献中的定理.     

多维函数全局寻优的团队进步算法

通过模仿团队进步需要的学习、探索行为和成员更新规则,提出了一种新颖的双群体演化算法,称为团队进步算法(TPA).算法将一个团队的成员分为精英和普通组,建立了两组的学习样板,定义了学习和探索运算,并合理设定了成员更新规则.两组成员在搜索过程中出现了明显分工,使算法兼备了全局搜索、局部搜索和定向搜索的能力.数值试验结果验证了新算法具有实现简单、全局寻优成功率高、收敛快、计算量少、坚韧性强和参数选择相对容易等特性,对解决优化应用问题具有较大的价值.     

绿洲-荒漠生态系统演化因素及其非线性探讨——以新疆为例

对立统一于干旱区的绿洲—荒漠生态系统在降水等自然因素和人类活动等人为因素的影响下不断进行着演化.从长期看,这一演化过程具有不可预测性,短期内却有细微可预见性.现如今在绿洲扩展同时,荒漠也在扩展,整体趋势仍是荒漠在扩展.为维持绿洲的稳定性,促使绿洲—荒漠系统处于一种稳定的发展趋势,本文从分析绿洲-荒漠这对对立统一的生态系统入手,在探讨引起这对生态系统演化的自然因素和人为因素的基础上,确定了自然因素中的降水和人为因素中的政府调控行为为演化的主导因素,初步探索了促使这对生态系统统演化的主导因素作用所具有的非线性关系,这对维持绿洲的稳定性,抑制荒漠扩展有一定的实际意义.     

两种蛙科无尾类的核型

腹斑倭蛙：2n=26(16M 1-SM),NF=52,除Nos,2,3,4,6,9等五对为SM外，其余诸对均为M，次缢痕位于8q，威宁蛙2n=26(18M 8SM),NF=52,除Mos,3,4,6,7 等四对为SM外，其余各对为M，次缢痕出现在1q和7q两处，前者频率较高，根据相对长度，臂比值和次缢痕的位置和数目讨论了蛙亚科的核型演化机制，推断可能是相互易位和臂间倒位为主。     

地方性氟中毒流行病及在我国的流行特征

地方性氟中毒是一种在全球流行的地方病。本文介绍了其概念、研究史和研究现状,探讨了地氟病的病理学特征及病区的成因,并初步分析了地氟病在人群中的分布规律及在我国的地理流行特征。     

世界文化史上的五种科学思维模式

思想方法的更新是人类进步的重要标志之一。对这种标志的认识,在哲学史和文化史研究中通常不被人们所重视。人类思想史上最鲜明、最有意义的科学思维模式,主要表现为本文论及的五种类型,这些思维模式的互补与进步,是东西方文明相互推进的内在标志;对它们的研究和探讨,是把握先进文化前进方向的重要前提。     

含参数λ微分方程类型的可积判据

提出几类含参数λ微分方程,借助变量替换法、线性化法、降阶法、交换变量位置法,论证其可积性,给出可积的判据及通解的表达式.扩大微分方程的可积范围,提供其求解的方法及通解公式.     

一些非线性发展方程的周期解

利用辅助椭圆方程给出了求解非线性发展方程的精确周期解的一种代数方法，借助计算机的符号计算，求得了mKdV方程和非线性Klein-Gordon方程的多种精确周期解，这些解包括了已有的用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法所求得的周期解．在极限情形下，退化为相应的孤立波解或冲击波解．     

无机化学中共价键类型及其在元素周期表中变化规律

无机化学中常见共价键有双电子σ键(包括σ配键)、双电子π键、单电子键、三电子键、离域π键、多中心键、反馈π键(包括d-pπ键、d-dπ键和π←dπ键)等.不同化学键的形成,对物质性质有着重要影响.本文主要讨论无机化合物中常见共价键形成条件和特征,对物质性质影响及其在元素周期表中变化规律.