中国火井历史新证

半个世纪来,中国火井历史研究取得了丰硕成果,也因史料缺略和理解差异而产生了若干争议。新发现的５种火井史料揭示了１６－１８世纪火井开发和天然气煮盐的实况,证实了汉晋临邛火井到清代自流井气水田之间火井技术的演进过程。当时试图对这一自然奇观作出诠释的中外学者,未能摆脱中国和欧洲传统科学思想的束缚,因此也难以克服理论与实践背离的积弊。     

Fire Spread Model for Old Towns Based on Cellular Automaton

Old towns like Lijiang have enormous historic, artistic, and architectural value. The buildings in such old towns are usually made of highly combustible materials, such as wood and grass. If a fire breaks out, it will spread to multiple buildings, so fire spreading and controlling in old towns need to be studied. This paper presents a fire spread model for old towns based on cellular automaton. The cellular automaton rules were set according to historical fire data in empirical formulas. The model also considered the effects of cli- mate. The simulation results were visualized in a geography information system. An example of a fire spread in Lijiang was investigated with the results showing that this model provides a realistic tool for predicting fire spread in old towns. Fire brigades can use this tool to predict when and how a fire spreads to minimize the losses.     

旋塞阀的变形分析与结构优化

为了解决旋塞阀阀体密封泄漏问题,采用在阀体外侧布置加强圈、加强筋的方法以降低阀体应力和变形．利用有限元模拟对比分析,并采用复合形法优化加强圈、加强筋结构．结果表明,优化后,阀体密封良好,阀体体积增加最小．     

浅析多晶硅生产工艺火灾危险性及防火安全措施

通过对多晶硅生产工艺火灾危险性的分析,提出合理的防火安全措施,从源头上防范火灾事故的发生,确保场所的安全。     

基于能力和脆弱性分析的火灾风险综合评价体系研究

在分析火灾风险评估对建筑消防安全重要意义的基础上,针对目前火灾风险评估研究中存在的问题,提出基于抵御和破坏能力分析的建筑火灾风险综合评价方法。首先建立建筑火灾风险评价指标体系,采取专家打分系统评价基本单元,应用层次分析法确定各级指标的权重值,并根据对抵御和破坏力量的计算分析。确定评价目标的风险水平。论文以国家体育馆为实例,验证火灾风险评价体系在工程中应用的可行性。研究方法可用于进行大型公共建筑的火灾风险评估。对提高消防水平,完善建筑火灾风险评价方法体系具有一定的意义。     

Improving analytic hierarchy process applied to fire risk analysis of public building

The structure importance in Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) reflects how important Basic Events are to Top Event. Attribute at alternative level in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) also reflect its importance to general goal. Based on the coherence of these two methods, an improved AHP is put forward. Using this improved method, how important the attribute is to the fire safety of public building can be analyzed more credibly because of the reduction of subjective judgment. Olympic venues are very important public buildings in China. The fire safety evaluation of them will be a big issue to engineers. Improved AHP is a useful tool to the safety evaluation to these Olympic venues, and it will guide the evaluation in other areas. Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50536030), National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No. 2006BAK06B02) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20070410220)     

镍锍试金测定铂族元素中捕集剂镍试剂的纯化

镍锍试金铂元素的本底值主要来源于捕集剂镍试剂． 通过对国内外数种高纯镍粉或氧化镍的分析发现其铂族元素含量太高,不能用于亚ｐｐｂ 级铂族元素含量的岩石样品的分析． 我们采用ＹＰＡ４ 螯合树脂来纯化氧化镍． 纯化后的氧化镍铂族元素空白值大大降低（ｎｇ／ｇ）：Ｒｕ＜ ０．０５０,Ｒｈ＜ ０．０５０,Ｐｄ＜ ０．２５０,Ｐｔ＜ ０．０５０,Ｉｒ＝ ０．０１５,Ｏｓ＜ ０．０１０,可以满足地球化学样品中痕量铂族元素的准确测定     

单片机控制的机车火灾报警系统

为及时发现机车运行过程中的火灾隐患 ,避免恶性事故发生 ,研制了用于火车机车的火灾报警系统。该系统采用多种传感器融合的方式 ,通过多路探测—组合判断的冗余控制方案 ,实现对内燃机车电器间火灾的报警。系统由MCS- 5 1单片机控制 ,采用温度、光电和烟雾三种共 16个传感器探测电器间易燃处各阶段的温升和火情 ,经检测电路和压频转换后送 CPU进行判断 ,输出报警信号。整个系统采取软、硬件抗干扰措施 ,报警准确可靠 ,工作稳定 ,操作方便。在东风 型内燃机车上进行实验 ,证明可以用于内燃机车的火灾检测与报警     

火灾后四边简支钢筋混凝土板刚度与挠度试验研究及分析

为研究钢筋混凝土双向板在遭受火灾作用后的承载能力及挠度发展规律,对配筋率及受火时间不同的火灾后钢筋混凝土双向板承载能力进行研究。结果表明：火灾作用后,双向板在荷载作用下无混凝土开裂前的弹性阶段,而是直接进入带裂缝工作阶段,且只存在钢筋屈服前的带裂缝工作阶段和钢筋屈服后的破坏阶段;配筋率高的双向板挠度发展较为缓慢,具有更好的抵抗变形的能力,提高配筋率可使得双向板的抗弯刚度增加;随着受火时间的延长,双向板挠度发展加快,挠度曲线更为饱满,表明火灾使得双向板的抗弯刚度削减,挠曲变形也随之增大。以已有的受弯构件刚度的计算方法为基础,结合材料的高温后性能与火灾对双向板承载性能的影响,采用分层划分的方法,推导给出了火灾后钢筋混凝土双向板刚度及挠度计算公式,并与试验对比进行验证。     

高速列车塞拉门瞬态动力学分析

建立了高速列车塞拉门等效分析模型,设定了高速列车交会时动力学栽荷,对高速列车塞拉门进行了模态分析并数值模拟其在动栽荷下的瞬态响应．